Trimetallic composite nanofibers for antibacterial and photocatalytic dye degradation of mixed dye water
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Trimetallic composite nanofibers for antibacterial and photocatalytic dye degradation of mixed dye water Ashish Gupta1 · Nayna Khosla1 · V. Govindasamy2 · Amit Saini1 · K. Annapurna2 · S. R. Dhakate1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Membrane technology is an advanced approach to making a healthier and cleaner environment. Using such catalytic membrane technology to get clean, usable water by removal of dye impurities as well as pathogenic microbes is the main goal behind the research work. Here, we present the synthesis and efficacy study of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based Ag/ ZnO/TiO2 trimetallic bifunctional nanofibers with antibacterial and photocatalytic activity. The nanofibers have been proven to be effective for the degradation of methylene blue (MB 93.4%), rhodamine B (Rh 34.6%), auramine-O (Au 65.0%) and fuchsin basic (FB 69.8%) dyes individually within 90 min in daylight. The study is further extended in abating a mixture of these dyes from contaminated water using composite nanofibers. Also, in the case of a mixture of these dyes (3 ppm each), nanofibers show dye degradation efficiency (DDE) of 90.9% (MB), 62.4% (Au) and 90.3% (FB and Rh) in 60 min. The role of Ag nanoparticles with a synergic photocatalytic effect on ZnO and TiO2 is also demonstrated. Also, PMMA/ZnO/TiO2 composite fiber membrane in synergy with silver particles shows better antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, making PMMA/Ag/ZnO/TiO2 fibers a promising candidate in water purification. Keywords Nanofibers · Membrane · Photocatalysis · Antibacterial · Dye mixture
Introduction With an increase in industrialization, population and climate change, water pollution has been increasing day by day. According to a survey (Malwal and Gopinath 2017; Thavasi et al. 2008), freshwater shortage and crisis may increase to 50% by 2025 and 75% by 2075 globally. Different pollutants such as dyes, fluoride and heavy metal ions contaminate freshwater, and are hazardous to human beings (Sharma et al. 2014). The polluted water bodies often act as a host breeding ground for bacteria (such as E. coli) and pathogens. Statistical data show that about 20% of water pollution is due Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01540-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. R. Dhakate [email protected] 1
Advanced Carbon Products and Metrology, CSIRNational Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
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to various dyes released in the flowing water (Chavan 2001). Owing to the need of the hour, different water treatment and purification methods such as ozonation (Piaskowski et al. 2018), flocculation(Guo et al. 2018), floatation, and electrolysis (Mokif 2019) have been often utilized for dye remova
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