One-step sol-gel synthesis of PbTiO 3 nanosheets and photocatalytic enhancement through decoration by platinum
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RESEARCH PAPER
One-step sol-gel synthesis of PbTiO3 nanosheets and photocatalytic enhancement through decoration by platinum Mohammad W. Kadi & Reda M. Mohamed
Received: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Mesoporous PbTiO3 nanosheets were synthesized by a one-step sol-gel process employing the F127 surfactant as a structure directing agent. Different percentages of platinum nanoparticles (0.2–0.8 wt%) were deposited onto mesoporous PbTiO3 nanosheets surface employing a photoassisted deposition method. TEM images of Pt@PbTiO3 mesoporous nanocomposites show the close proximity of lattice fringes 0.220 nm of metallic platinum (111) and the 0.284 nm lattice layout of the PbTiO 3 (101). The synthesized Pt@PbTiO3 mesoporous composites were tested in the presence of glycerol employing visible light derived photocatalytic water splitting reaction. The H2 evolution rate with the use of 0.6 wt% Pt@PbTiO3 reached 3564 μmol/g, which is 85 times higher than the rate when pure mesoporous PbTiO3 was used. The H2 evolution rate when using PbTiO3 was 42 μmol g−1 h−1, which was enhanced to 3564 μmol g−1 h−1 upon the use of 0.6 wt% Pt@PbTiO3. Pt@PbTiO3 nanocomposites exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity with
This article is part of the topical collection: Nanotechnology in Arab Countries, Guest Editor: Sherif El-Eskandarany M. W. Kadi : R. M. Mohamed Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia R. M. Mohamed (*) Advanced Materials Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, CMRDI, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt e-mail: [email protected]
outstanding stability and enhanced possibility of reuse with a potential to be used in environmental and energy applications. Keywords PbTiO3 nanosheets . Visible photocatalyst . Hydrogen production . Nanostructured catalysts
Introduction Hydrogen is considered an attractive energy source as its consumption would only produce water as an emitted by-product. However, H2 production is a very challenging task. For it to be sustainable, H2 must be produced without consuming fossil fuels or any unsustainable energy sources. One of the best sought-after H2 production routes is the photocatalytic water splitting reaction. Despite decades of intensive research, many challenges still face a sustainable application of this reaction. Major challenges include the fabrication of a cost-effective semiconductor material with favorable bandgap that allows it to absorb visible-light wavelengths at ambient conditions to generate e − /h + pairs crucial to the oxidation/reduction reactions in the water splitting process. Prevention of the e−/h+ pair recombination through the properties of the material itself or the reaction setup is vital for the success of H2 production. The semiconductor materials should also be harmless to the environment, cheap to produce, chemically stable, and reusable many times (Li et al. 2016; Christoforidis and Fornasiero 2017). The last 40 years s
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