Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz grains within the sand dykes cutting the lacustrine deposits in
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz grains within the sand dykes cutting the lacustrine deposits in the Burdur area (SW Turkey) and its tectonic interpretation Mehmet Ozcelik 1
Received: 12 May 2015 / Accepted: 10 September 2015 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2015
Abstract Burdur city is located on a lacustrine sedimentary deposit at the northeastern end of the Fethiye–Burdur Fault Zone (FBFZ) in SW Turkey. Fault steps were formed in response to vertical displacement along normal fault zones in these deposits. Geological, tectonic, mineralogical investigations and age analysis were carried out to identify the liquefied material. Paleoliquefaction characterized by sand and mud dykes is observed in three different locations. For this study, in order to investigate the relationship of sand and mud dykes with liquefaction, the present geologic and hydrogeologic environment, evolution of the host sediments and the paleoenvironment corresponding to duration of liquefaction were investigated. Field work was carried out and laboratory experiments were performed on the samples taken from liquefied soils and clayey lacustrine sediments cut by sand and mud dykes. The mineralogical features of the clays and age analysis of the liquefied materials were examined in the experimental studies. As a result of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, the liquefied clay mineral assemblage in the soil samples contains illite. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating analysis has indicated an age ranging from 15, 161 ± 744 to 17,434 ± 896 years for the liquefaction features. Assuming the groundwater level to be at critical depth, it was concluded that there was no possibility of liquefaction in most parts of the settlement during an earthquake.
* Mehmet Ozcelik [email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
Keywords Liquefaction . OSL dating analysis . Lacustrine sediments . Dyke . Burdur
Introduction Soft-sediment deformation features occur in unconsolidated sediments, both terrestrial and marine, but they are particularly well-reported from lacustrine and lacustrine–deltaic depositional environments (Sims 1973, 1975; Hesse and Reading 1978; Seilacher 1984; Plint 1985; Van Loon et al. 1995; Rodrìguez Pascua et al. 2000; Rossetti and Góes 2000; Gibert et al. 2005; Neuwerth et al. 2006; Moretti and Sabato 2007; Singh and Jain 2007; Kundu et al. 2011; Owen et al. 2011; Törö et al. 2014). Sand dykes known as soft-sediment deformation structures are important sedimentary structures for paleoseismological investigations (Sieh 1978; Obermeier et al. 1985; Talwani and Cox 1985; Gurrola and Rockwell 1996; Sukhija et al. 1999, 2003; Montenat et al. 2007; Singh and Jain 2007; Koc Tasgin et al., 2011). They are of great value in areas where seismogenic faults are difficult to identify (Tuttle and Schweig 1995, 1996; Tuttle et al. 2002). However, where seismoge
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