Optimal radiation shielding for beta and bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by 89 Sr and 90 Y: validation by empirical app
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Optimal radiation shielding for beta and bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by 89Sr and 90Y: validation by empirical approach and Monte Carlo simulations Taisuke Murata • Kenta Miwa • Fumiyasu Matsubayashi • Kei Wagatsuma • Kenta Akimoto • Toshioh Fujibuchi • Noriaki Miyaji • Tomohiro Takiguchi • Masayuki Sasaki • Mitsuru Koizumi
Received: 8 February 2014 / Accepted: 23 April 2014 Ó The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine 2014
Abstract Objective High-energy beta emitters such as Strontium89 (89Sr) and Yttrium-90 (90Y) are becoming increasingly popular nuclear therapy sources in Japan for treating cancer. Various characteristics of materials must be considered when designing radiation protection device for high-energy beta emitters. We empirically measured and simulated dose equivalents of beta and bremsstrahlung radiation arising from 89Sr and 90Y radiation shielded with various materials and determined optimal shielding materials against these sources. Methods The dose equivalents of 89Sr and 90Y determined experimentally using an ionization chamber survey meter were compared with those of Monte Carlo simulations. The relative dose equivalents of beta and bremsstrahlung radiation separately transmitted by changing the thickness of acrylic, aluminum, iron, lead and tungsten shielding materials were simulated. Results Dose equivalents were consistent between the empirical measurements and the simulation to within ±5 %. Shielding ability was more effective in the order of tungsten, lead, iron, aluminum and acrylic against both 89Sr T. Murata and K. Miwa contributed equally. T. Murata K. Miwa (&) F. Matsubayashi K. Wagatsuma K. Akimoto N. Miyaji T. Takiguchi M. Koizumi Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan e-mail: [email protected] K. Miwa T. Fujibuchi M. Sasaki Division of Medical Quantum Science, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
and 90Y. The amount of beta and bremsstrahlung radiation transmitted through tungsten and lead was relatively small. Although such high-density material generates much bremsstrahlung radiation, it absorbs the bremsstrahlung radiations. Conclusions Tungsten was the optimal material for efficient shielding against 89Sr and 90Y radiation and preferable among operators. The present findings provide useful information about how to define an appropriate shielding strategy for high-energy beta emitters. Keywords Occupational exposure Radiation protection Beta emitter Bremsstrahlung radiation Monte Carlo simulation Radionuclide therapy
Introduction High-energy beta emitters, such as Strontium-89 (89Sr) and Yttrium-90 (90Y), have recently been used to treat patients in Japanese nuclear medicine departments [1]. Although nuclear medicine staff are very experienced in handling gamma emitters, they have less experience in with beta emitters
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