Optimal thermo-economic design of a PAFC-ORC combined power system
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DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0837-5
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (9) 2020 Original Article DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0837-5 Keywords: · Design point · Economic analysis · Organic Rankine cycle · Phosphoric acid fuel cell · Waste heat recovery
Correspondence to: Tong Seop Kim [email protected]
Citation: Kim, H. R., Lee, J. H., Kim, T. S. (2020). Optimal thermo-economic design of a PAFC-ORC combined power system. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (9) (2020) 3863~3874. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0837-5
Received February 16th, 2020 Revised
Optimal thermo-economic design of a PAFC-ORC combined power system Hye Rim Kim1, Jae Hong Lee1 and Tong Seop Kim2 1
2
Graduate School, Inha University, Inchoen 22212, Korea, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
Abstract
Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) are appropriate for applications that require high-quality power because of their high reliability. We propose a system that combines an 11 MW PAFC and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The ORC recovers waste heat from the PAFC and produces power. The performance and economics of the system were simulated with changes in the working parameters of the PAFC and ORC to find economically optimal design conditions. The optimal working conditions with the best economic performance were found between the operating conditions with the maximum power and the maximum efficiency. The best design conditions were predicted for various ORC working fluids: the power was between 14.63 and 15.51 MW, and the efficiency was between 40.35 and 42.75 %. The maximum improvements of the power and efficiency over the stand-alone PAFC system were 41.77 % and 47.18 %, and the estimated payback period was around 5.50 years.
June 2nd, 2020
Accepted June 23rd, 2020 † Recommended by Editor Yong Tae Kang
© The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
1. Introduction A fuel cell is an electro-chemical device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, it has higher efficiency and less environmental impact than conventional heat engines [1]. In general, fuel cells can be divided into six categories: polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) [2]. PAFCs, are mid- to high- temperature fuel cells and are now commercially available. The reliability and quality of PAFCs have been verified through a long period of development and demonstrations, and they have been used in hospitals and military bases [3], where highquality and stable power supply is important. The largest PAFC that has been operated so far is an 11 MW AC power PAFC [3]. The gas emitted from the PAFC stack contains a large amount of thermal energy, so PAFCs are mainly used as stationary distributed generation systems and are applied in on-site cogeneration using waste hea
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