Optimization and Purification of Levulinic Acid Extracted from Bagasse
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Optimization and Purification of Levulinic Acid Extracted from Bagasse Shuai Chen1 • Wenjing Zheng1 • Weixi Liu1 • Lei Liu1 • Weidong Sun1
Received: 4 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 March 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract Levulinic acid (LA) is an important biomassbased chemical. The preparation of LA from bagasse is of great practical significance for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of biomass. Biomass bagasse is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The cellulose is mainly degraded to glucose, and hemicellulose is mainly degraded to xylose, with dilute acid treatment at high temperature. In this research, we produced the LA from bagasse with dilute acid treatment at high temperature. The influences of residence time (10–60 min), reaction temperature (170–240 °C), liquid-to-solid ratio (5:1–25:1 mL/g), and acid concentration (1–5%) on the synthesis of LA were investigated by statistical methods, achieving a maximum LA yield of 16.25%. Additionally, LA was isolated and extracted from bagasses hydrolysate by ion exchange and vacuum distillation. The adsorption capacity of different resins was determined and compared. The optimal resin to acquire better adsorption capacity was determined. The better adsorption capacity was obtained when the D301 resin was selected as the filter for ion exchange. The height-to-diameter rate, eluent flow rate, & Weidong Sun [email protected] Shuai Chen [email protected] Wenjing Zheng [email protected] Weixi Liu [email protected] Lei Liu [email protected] 1
College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
elution volume of ion exchange column were 10, 0.84 BV/ h, 56.4 mL, respectively. The eluent was then distilled under vacuum, collecting the components at 130–140 °C. The total yield and purity of LA were 67.1% and 78%, respectively. Keywords Optimization Separation and purification Levulinic acid Bagasse
Introduction Levulinic acid (LA, molecular formula, C5H8O3; molecular weight, 116.12), also known as ketosonic acid or 4-oxopentanoic acid, is a keto acid consisting of a ketone carbonyl group and an acidic carboxyl group (Baylan and C¸ehreli 2018). It contains carbonyl, a-hydrogen, and carboxyl groups, which can have carboxylic acids and ketones reactions (Zhang et al. 2013). New derivatives are synthesized by esterification, halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidative dehydrogenation, condensation, and other chemical reactions. For instance, c-valerolactone, the hydrogenated product of LA, is a high-grade solvent that can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of synthetic rubber (Cao et al. 2019; Gai et al. 2018; Luan et al. 2018). Levulinate levulinic acid is a bacteriostatic agent which can be added to industrial circulating water (Yang and Liu 2012). In agriculture, the amine salt of levulinic acid can be used as a herbicide and defoliant (Liu et al. 2004), etc. LA is commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, stabilizer, food flavoring, animal feed, and antifree
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