Optimization and validation of pumping system design and operation for water supply in high-rise buildings
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Optimization and validation of pumping system design and operation for water supply in high-rise buildings Tim M. Müller1 · Philipp Leise1 · Imke-Sophie Lorenz1 · Lena C. Altherr2 · Peter F. Pelz1 Received: 31 October 2019 / Revised: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The application of mathematical optimization methods for water supply system design and operation provides the capacity to increase the energy efficiency and to lower the investment costs considerably. We present a system approach for the optimal design and operation of pumping systems in real-world high-rise buildings that is based on the usage of mixed-integer nonlinear and mixed-integer linear modeling approaches. In addition, we consider different booster station topologies, i.e. parallel and seriesparallel central booster stations as well as decentral booster stations. To confirm the validity of the underlying optimization models with real-world system behavior, we additionally present validation results based on experiments conducted on a modularly constructed pumping test rig. Within the models we consider layout and control decisions for different load scenarios, leading to a Deterministic Equivalent of a twostage stochastic optimization program. We use a piecewise linearization as well as a piecewise relaxation of the pumps’ characteristics to derive mixed-integer linear models. Besides the solution with off-the-shelf solvers, we present a problem specific exact solving algorithm to improve the computation time. Focusing on the efficient exploration of the solution space, we divide the problem into smaller subproblems, which partly can be cut off in the solution process. Furthermore, we discuss the performance and applicability of the solution approaches for real buildings and analyze the technical aspects of the solutions from an engineer’s point of view, keeping in mind the economically important trade-off between investment and operation costs.
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Tim M. Müller [email protected] Peter F. Pelz [email protected]
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Chair of Fluid Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Faculty of Energy, Building Services and Environmental Engineering, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstr. 39, Steinfurt, Germany
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T. M. Müller et al.
Keywords Technical Operations Research · MINLP · MILP · Experimental validation · Pumping systems · Water supply systems
1 Introduction More than half of the world’s population (55 %) lived in urban areas in 2018, as shown in UN (2018). Based on this data published by the United Nations, it is estimated that 2.5 billion people will be added to the urban population by 2050 leading to an increase by more than half of the number of people living in urban areas today. This continuous trend towards urbanization will lead to an increasing number of mega-cities, cities with more than 10 million inhabitants. As the space for living in cities is limited, one effective way to cope with
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