Optimized Implementations for ZUC-256 on FPGA
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Optimized Implementations for ZUC‑256 on FPGA Yatao Yang1,2 · Wenchen Zhao1 · Liangqing Xiong1 · Ning Wang2 · Yingjie Ma1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract ZUC-128 algorithm was listed as the core part in the third international encryption and integrity protection algorithms, EEA3 and EIA3 in 4G-LTE mobile communication system by 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). ZUC-256 will soon become one of important encryption and integrity protection algorithms in 5G mobile communication system. Compared with software implementations, hardware implementations using field programmable gate array (FPGA) have significant advantages in terms of performance. Implementation’s solution for ZUC-256 algorithm was studied by using FPGA as the hardware platform, two optimized implementation algorithms for ZUC-256 were proposed based on linear feedback shift register feedback calculation optimization algorithm and S-box replacement optimization algorithm on the platform of Cyclone IV and Spartan-6. The operating efficiency of ZUC-256 algorithm was verified on two FPGA hardware platforms. The test results show that the optimized ZUC-256 keystream generation algorithm has a main frequency of 209.346 MHz and a throughput of 6.542 Gbps on the FPGA. Optimized ZUC-256 algorithm’s performance is improved by 12% compared with the original ZUC256 algorithm. The running result in our optimized scheme is 214.4% higher than that of the stream cipher algorithm implemented by Kitsos et al., the speed is 95.8% higher than that of the research results from Wang et al., compared with the research results of Zhang et al., this optimized scheme has increased by 45.6%. Moreover, it possesses comprehensive performance advantages compared with the results of Drucker et al. on CCNC 2019. The proposed optimization implementation algorithms for ZUC-256 on FPGA have broad application prospects in the future of 5G system. Keywords ZUC-256 · 5G communication · Encryption algorithm · FPGA · Optimized implementation
* Yatao Yang [email protected] 1
Beijing Electronics Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China
2
School of Telecommunication Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
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Y. Yang et al.
1 Introduction At present, many countries around the world are vigorously promoting 5G development and industrialization, and formulating international standards in full swing [1, 2]. To the research and standardization of cryptographic algorithms in 5G system, many researchers proposed different solutions to promote the achievability evaluation for ZUC-256 cipher algorithm, and developed cryptographic algorithms, standards and equipment in advance to promote global 5G security application. This is of great significance to inspire the maturity and application of ZUC-256 cipher algorithm [3]. ZUC-256 is a pseudo random number generator (PRNG) that is proposed as a successor of ZUC-128, which is designed to offer 256-bit security and to be incorporated in the upcomin
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