Optoplasmonic networks with morphology-dependent near- and far-field responses
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lasmonics, Photonics, and Metamaterials Research Letter
Optoplasmonic networks with morphology-dependent near- and far-field responses Wonmi Ahn†, Xin Zhao†, Yan Hong, and Björn M. Reinhard*, Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA *Address all correspondence to Björn M. Reinhard at [email protected] (Received 24 September 2015; accepted 2 December 2015)
Abstract Optoplasmonic networks consisting of dielectric microsphere resonators and plasmonic nanoantennas in a morphologically well-defined onchip platform support unique electromagnetic signatures that are hybrids of photonic whispering gallery modes and localized surface plasmon resonances. Here we explore the dependence of their near- and far-field responses on the key structural parameters, including the size of the gold nanoparticles forming the plasmonic elements, the separation between the microspheres, and the geometry of the chain. The high degree of structural flexibility, which is experimentally accessible through template guided self-assembly approaches, makes these optoplasmonic structures a unique electromagnetic material for tuning spectral shapes and intensities.
Introduction Optoplasmonic materials that integrate photonic microresonators and plasmonic nanostructures into a hybrid on-chip platform are attractive building blocks for light and information processing.[1–4] Of particular interest are optoplasmonic structures that contain dielectric microspheres that trap light by excitation of low-loss whispering gallery modes (WGMs) and plasmonic nanoantennas that localize the guided light in the evanescent field of microspheres arranged in a pre-defined geometry.[5,6] This hybrid approach can take full advantage of the strengths of individual components for complementing each other’s functionalities with the aim to overcome limitations inherent to each individual component. Dissipative losses in metals are mitigated by high-Q photonic modes of dielectric microresonators, and in return, photonic modes that are otherwise inaccessible to the environment are enhanced by strong E-fields localized on the surface of plasmonic nanostructures.[5] Synergistic interactions between photonic and plasmonic resonators have shown to create additional functionalities such as adaptive spectral and spatial control,[7] frequency switching of nanoscale fields,[8] and long-range energy transfer to excite quantum emitters located several micrometers away from the light source.[9] All of these functionalities are difficult to achieve with “pure” plasmonic or photonic structures. Another interesting characteristic of the optoplasmonic structures is that they provide new opportunities for modulating
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
the shape and intensity of the near- and far-fields through photonic–plasmonic mode coupling. Although the advantages of optoplasmonic structures have been clearly documented by a series of theoretical studies,[4,10–13] only a limited number of discrete optoplasmonic structures have been experim
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