Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed molecular networks of stomatal immune responses
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed molecular networks of stomatal immune responses Qiuying Pang1 · Tong Zhang2 · Aiqin Zhang1 · Chuwei Lin2 · Wenwen Kong2 · Sixue Chen2,3,4 Received: 30 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Main conclusion Dynamic protein and phosphoprotein profiles uncovered the overall regulation of stomata movement against pathogen invasion and phosphorylation states of proteins involved in ABA, SA, calcium and ROS signaling, which may modulate the stomatal immune response. Abstract Stomatal openings represent a major route of pathogen entry into the plant, and plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate stomatal aperture as innate immune response against bacterial invasion. However, the mechanisms underlying stomatal immunity are not fully understood. Taking advantage of high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS), we performed label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of enriched guard cells in response to a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. In total, 495 proteins and 1229 phosphoproteins were identified as differentially regulated. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including abscisic acid and salicylic acid hormone signaling, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. We also showed that dynamic changes of phosphoprotein WRKY transcription factors may play a crucial role in regulating stomata movement in plant immunity. The identified proteins/phosphoproteins and the pathways form interactive molecular networks to regulate stomatal immunity. This study has provided new insights into the multifaceted mechanisms of stomatal immunity. The differential proteins and phosphoproteins are potential targets for engineering or breeding of crops for enhanced pathogen defense. Keywords Stomatal movement · Plant pathogen · Proteomics · Phosphoproteomics · Signaling networks
Introduction Communicated by Anastasios Melis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03474-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sixue Chen [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Saline‑Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
2
Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
3
Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
4
Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Stomata are microscopic pores formed by pairs of guard cells in the epidermis of terrestrial plants. They are essential for regulating gas exchange and water transpiration. Numerous studies have shown that stomatal movement is one of the earliest adaptive characteristics of plants in response to environ
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