Organic Matter Pollution During the Spring Thaw in Hulun Lake Basin: Contribution of Multiform Human Activities
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Organic Matter Pollution During the Spring Thaw in Hulun Lake Basin: Contribution of Multiform Human Activities Wenlin Wang1 · Wenjing Li1 · Yan Yan1 · Bo Liu2 · Tanjing Wang2 · Sichen Mao2 · Linhui Song1 · Huashan Dou3 · Wen Ao3 · Changxin Zou1 Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It has recently been reported that plateau lakes have been seriously polluted by organic matter, however, the sources of this organic matter and their relative contributions remain unknown. In this study, to determine the sources and composition of the organic matter in the Hulun Lake basin during the spring-thaw period, a total of twenty-three sampling sites were investigated. Results showed high levels of organic matter pollution in the surface water of Hulun Lake, with an average COD values of 119.35 mg L −1. Organic matter came from natural sources as well as a variety of anthropogenic activities. The direct sources included urbanization, industrial and residential wastewater discharge, and emission from burning fossile fuels. A large indirect source was organic matter from tumbleweed decomposition, which had increased due to desertification caused by overgrazing. The principal component analysis showed that organic matter from Hulun lake shared composition and sources with the upstream sections of the natural tributaries and the downstream section of the artificial tributary. The artificial inflow river contributed more organic matter than the other tributaries. Notably, a large portion of organic matter in Hulun Lake came from decomposing tumbleweed concentrated in the downstream section of one of the natural rivers. New indirect consequences of human activities must be factored into the rule and regulations that protect plateau lake ecosystems alongside the direct effects of established human activities. Keywords Plateau lake · Organic matter source · Anthropogenic activity · Spring-thaw period Lakes are a major sinks for organic pollutants from both autochthonous and allochthonous sources. Generally, sources of autochthonous organic matter include organisms that are grown in situ, like photoautotrophs and hydrophytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02911-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wen Ao [email protected] * Changxin Zou [email protected] 1
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 8, Jiangwangmiao Road, XuanWu District, 210042 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Geographical Science, Nantong University, 226007 Nantong, People’s Republic of China
3
Hulunbuir Academy of Inland Lakes in Northern Cold & Arid Areas, 021008 Hulunbuir, People’s Republic of China
Allochthonous organic matter, on the other hand, is transported into the lake by river discharge or runoff and can include anthropogenic products in addition to naturally terrestrial plants (Lee
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