Osteoblast, fibroblast and in vivo biological response to poly(vinylidene fluoride) based composite materials
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Osteoblast, fibroblast and in vivo biological response to poly(vinylidene fluoride) based composite materials R. Costa • C. Ribeiro • A. C. Lopes • P. Martins • V. Sencadas • R. Soares S. Lanceros-Mendez
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Received: 27 July 2012 / Accepted: 30 October 2012 / Published online: 9 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Electroactive materials can be taken to advantage for the development of sensors and actuators as well as for novel tissue engineering strategies. Composites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, have been evaluated with respect to their biological response. Cell viability and proliferation were performed in vitro both with Mesenchymal Stem Cells differentiated to osteoblasts and Human Fibroblast Foreskin 1. In vivo tests were also performed using 6-weekold C57Bl/6 mice. It was concluded that zeolite and clay composites are biocompatible materials promoting cell response and not showing in vivo pro-inflammatory effects which renders both of them attractive for biological applications and tissue engineering, opening interesting perspectives to development of scaffolds from these composites. Ferrite and silver nanoparticle composites decrease osteoblast cell viability and carbon nanotubes decrease fibroblast viability. Further, carbon nanotube composites result in a significant increase in local vascularization accompanied an increase of inflammatory markers after implantation.
R. Costa R. Soares Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal C. Ribeiro A. C. Lopes P. Martins V. Sencadas S. Lanceros-Mendez (&) Centro/Departamento de Fı´sica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] C. Ribeiro P. Martins V. Sencadas S. Lanceros-Mendez INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal V. Sencadas Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Instituto Polite´cnico do Ca´vado e do Ave, Campus do IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal
1 Introduction Novel materials are continuously developed with the objective of being used in biomedical applications. Among these, polymer based materials have confirmed to be a good choice as biomaterials in tissue engineering applications, smart prostheses, and sensors, among others [1, 2]. In the last years, the potential of electro active polymers has been recognized for biomedical applications due to its ability to convert mechanical, thermal, or magnetic signals into electrical ones. It this sense, these materials can be used as smart scaffolds to stimulate cell growth and compatibility, biosensors, mechanical sensors, and actuators, among others [3]. From the short choice of electro active polymers, including poly(Llactic acid) (PLLA) and poly-(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) and its co-polymers are still the ones with the best electro active performance, showing the largest piezo, pyro, and ferroelectricity responses [4]. Poly(vinylidenefluoride) can be obtained in dif
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