Otitis media with effusion is not a sterile inflammatory process: scanning electron microscope evidence
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OTOLOGY
Otitis media with effusion is not a sterile inflammatory process: scanning electron microscope evidence Saad Elzayat1 · Nahla Nosair2 · Amany A. Ghazy3,4 · Ibrahim A. Abdulghaffar1 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose We aimed to demonstrate whether chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is a sterile condition or biofilms-related disease through direct visualization of middle ear mucosa by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and culture of the effusion. Methods This case–control study included 60 children in two groups; the case group included 50 patients undergoing ventilation tube insertion (VTI) for Chronic OME (COME), and the control group included ten patients undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) surgery presenting normal middle ear mucosa. Biopsies from both groups’ middle ear mucosa were evaluated for biofilm formation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Middle ear effusion (MEE) samples from COME patients were cultured on blood agar to detect and identify any bacterial growth. The adenoid size was evaluated and correlated to the biofilm formation in COME patients. Results There was a significant difference between case and control groups regarding biofilm formation (p-value
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