Outer Space in Society, Politics and Law

Spaceflight is a rational undertaking, yet full of emotions. It is a dream of mankind and a multi-billion industry likewise. It is subject to a distinct branch of law – and moreover part of modern pop culture. In short: spaceflight is fascinating. “Outer

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Studies in Space Policy Volume 8

Edited by the European Space Policy Institute Director: Kai-Uwe Schrogl

Editorial Advisory Board: Herbert Allgeier Frank Asbeck Alvaro Azcarraga Frances Brown Alain Gaubert Leen Hordijk Peter Jankowitsch Ulrike Landfester Andre Lebeau Alfredo Roma

Christian Br€ unner Alexander Soucek (eds.)

Outer Space in Society, Politics and Law

SpringerWienNewYork

Editors Christian Br€ unner Alexander Soucek Editorial Assistance Thomas Neger Nina-Louisa Remuss Assistance Andrea Lauer Hannes Mayer Georg K€onigsberger Anita Rinner This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.  2011 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science þ Business Media springer.at Typesetting: Thomson Press (India) Ltd., Chennai Printing: Strauss GmbH, 69509 M€orlenbach, Germany Cover: NASA, ISS-Bildnummer: ISS024-E-013421 (4 Sept. 2010) Source: http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-24/html/iss024e013421.html – “A setting last quarter crescent moon and the thin line of Earth’s atmosphere are photographed by an Expedition 24 crew member as the International Space Station passes over central Asia” Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 80029879 With 154 Figures (partly in colour) and 24 Tables Library of Congress Control Number: 2011936123 ISSN 1866-8305 ISBN 978-3-7091-0663-1 SpringerWienNewYork

Preface

Preface “Man must rise above the Earth – to the top of the atmosphere and beyond – for only thus will he fully understand the world in which he lives.” (aphorism, attributed to Sokrates, c. 470/469–399 BC) Space is not only fascinating – it has also become the subject and the place of manifold activities. It is about the exploration of space, the development of space technology and its utilisation for different objectives but also the application of the results of space research and space technology in numerous fields of everyday life. An example of the so-called spin-offs is the Adeli-suit. Originally this technology was developed for human spaceflight in order to avoid astronauts’ movement disorders caused by muscular dystrophy and atrophy of the central nervous system under the condition of zero gravity. Now it is used for the treatment of children and juveniles suffering from spastic diplegia or dramatic brain injury after accidents. This volume aims to show that space has become an important field of human activity. It shapes society; it depends on political d