Overview of the influence of X2.2 and X9.3 solar flares on NavIC system
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Overview of the influence of X2.2 and X9.3 solar flares on NavIC system Mehul V. Desai1 · Shweta N. Shah1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó 2020
Abstract The solar flares and geomagnetic storms are considered a potential threat for the upcoming Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System or Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC). Therefore, we investigated in detail the occurrence of tracking failure and effects on the positional accuracy of the NavIC L5-band and S-band system under direct exposure of X2.2 and X9.3 solar flare on September 6, 2017, X9.3 is the strongest event since the NavIC signals are in the service. The regional NavIC data (5–6 September 2017) from the equatorial region Trivandrum station and the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly area in India (Surat, Bombay, Hyderabad and Gandhinagar stations), are collected using the accord NavIC dual-frequency (L5-band and S-band) receivers. We have shown that the 1G NavIC signals remain in loss of lock condition for 1 h on September 6, 2017 (X2.2 and X9.3 solar flares), and as a result, positioning accuracy deviated on September 6, 2017. Hence, the solar flare event considered a potential threat for future NavIC based autonomous navigation technologies. Keywords NavIC system · Ionospheric effect · Geomagnetic storm · Solar flare · Loss of lock · Positioning accuracy
1 Introduction The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) or operational name Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) uses radio wave signals in the L5-band (1164.45 to 1188.45 MHz), with a carrier frequency, F1 of 1176.45 MHz, and the S-band (2483.5 to 2500 MHz), with a carrier frequency, F2 of 2492.08 MHz to provide positioning accuracy in India anywhere, anytime (Desai et al. 2016, Desai and Shah 2017, 2018a; ICD 2019a). The NavIC will provide two types of services, the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) for all users and the Restricted Service (RS) for the authorized users only (ICD 2019a). The positioning accuracy of the * Mehul V. Desai [email protected] Shweta N. Shah [email protected] 1
Electronics Engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat, India
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica
NavIC system in the main service area (India and extended to 1500 km) expected to be better than 20 m (ICD 2019a). Currently, seven NavIC satellites 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1I are active in orbit (ISRO 2019b). In Desai and Shah (2018b, 2019, 2020) detailed description of the NavIC system is available. The NavIC signal coming from the satellites travel the long distance. Hence, the weak signal at the user receiver is prone to atmospheric or unintentional error sources (Desai and Shah 2019, 2020) as well as radio frequency interference or intentional error sources (Lineswala and Shah 2019). Due to low-latitude ionosphere inhomogeneity, the NavIC signal propagating through it is susceptible. It can introduce additional delay in the signals followed by degradation o
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