Overview of Three and Four-Dimensional GIS Data Models
The paper focuses on brief presenting again the 3D, 4D GIS data models that have been proposed in the past. The paper uses the tables to compare models based on various criteria in the applications of 3D, 4D GIS. In 3D data models, there were some special
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Abstract The paper focuses on brief presenting again the 3D, 4D GIS data models that have been proposed in the past. The paper uses the tables to compare models based on various criteria in the applications of 3D, 4D GIS. In 3D data models, there were some special models because they can represent the spatial objects by multiple levels of detail. The paper also compares the differences of these models in tables. These tables are the foundation for the developers to build the GIS applications. Keywords 3D
4D data model GIS
1 Introduction 3D GIS are a system that be able represent, manage, and manipulate, analysis information links with 3D phenomena. 3D GIS data model is the key to 3D GIS [1] and is a big topic in the five major topics of 3D GIS: WebGIS, data presentation, spatial analysis, data model and data collection [2]. The selecting a data model to represent 3D objects 3D GIS for a specific application will determine methods to store, access. There are many models of the authors have suggested [1, 3–8] for spatial and [9–17] for spatial-temporal. The purpose of the paper provides an
T. A. N. Gia (&) University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam e-mail: [email protected] P. V. Tran D. H. Khac University of IT, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam e-mail: [email protected] D. H. Khac e-mail: [email protected]
J. J. (Jong Hyuk) Park et al. (eds.), Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 240, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6738-6_125, Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht(Outside the USA) 2013
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overview of 3D, 4D data models have been proposed, compared the models on important criteria by tables. These tables will support to recognize the development trend of the 3D, 4D GIS data models in the future. The attempts to classify the models will be the foundation for the researches related to 3D GIS and 4D GIS. Previously several authors have made this issue for spatial model and spatialtemporal. However, the works still missed some of models appearing recently and some criteria. The paper proposes four tables to compare and classify the spatial models: 3D objects are represented by its boundaries; voxel elements; a combination of the 3D basic block and by a combination of the above methods. The paper also proposed two tables to compare the spatial-temporal 3D, 4D models. The 3D, 4D models include either 2D spatial ? 1D temporal or 3D spatial ? 1D temporal. This paper structure includes three sections. Section 1 introduces about the 3D, 4D GIS data models. Section 2 has five comparison tables of models on many different criteria. Section 3 describes and compares the 3D, 3.5D, 4D spatial-temporal data modes.
2 Compare Models There are many data models, which were proposed in many past years. These modes are classified by four the approaches. They include B-REP, CGS, Voxel and hybrid method. B-REP approach has the models: 3D-FDS (Format Data Structure), TEN (Tetrahedral Network), OO Model (Object Oriented Model), SSM (Simplified Spatial
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