Ozone Hole Past, Present, Future
This book underscores the re-emergence of the ozone hole problem and deals with it in its current context of exacerbating global warming. It traces the history of the ozone hole from the stage of formation of the stratospheric ozone ‘layer’, millions of y
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S.A. Abbasi Tasneem Abbasi
Ozone Hole Past, Present, Future
123
SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8868
S.A. Abbasi • Tasneem Abbasi
Ozone Hole Past, Present, Future
S.A. Abbasi Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering Pondicherry University Puducherry, India
Tasneem Abbasi Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering Pondicherry University Puducherry, India Visiting Associate Professor Department of Fire Protection Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA, USA
ISSN 2191-5547 ISSN 2191-5555 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science ISBN 978-1-4939-6708-7 ISBN 978-1-4939-6710-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-6710-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016961235 © The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.
Dedicated to Neelofer didi, Sofia aapa, Rubi behn and the memory of Haidar bhai, daddy, and ammi —SAA Neelu auntie, Sofi auntie, Rubi auntie and the memory of Haider uncle, daadaji, and daadi —TA
Foreword
The ozone hole first emerged as a major global concern during the 1970s and threatened to cause irreparable damage to the earth and its inhabitants. For several years, the ozone hole was considered to be a figment of a few alarmists’ imagination, but with increasing scientific evidence, urgent efforts had to be made to contain this. The Montreal Protocol, an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer, entered into force in 1989 and has since undergone eight revisions. The rate of depletion of ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic—i.e. the ozone hole formation—thus began to be contained. In the meantime, another two other serious global environmental concern
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