Paediatric Recurrent Ear, Nose and Throat Infections and Complications: Can We Do More?
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REVIEW
Paediatric Recurrent Ear, Nose and Throat Infections and Complications: Can We Do More? Ricardo Marengo . Jose´ A. Ortega Martell . Susanna Esposito
Received: November 12, 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2020
ABSTRACT Recurrent respiratory tract infections (rRTIs), of which there are three main groups—otitis media, tonsillitis and sinusopathies—are very common in paediatric populations and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to complications. These infections substantially reduce quality of life for paediatric patients and their families and are a significant personal, medical and economic burden on the
patients, the patients’ families and the healthcare system. Most rRTIs are of viral origin; however, indiscriminate use of antibiotics in their treatment has led to development of bacterial resistance. Effective management of rRTIs to reduce the burden of disease and to avoid overuse of antibiotics has become a great therapeutic challenge. New strategies for the management of paediatric rRTIs include focus on prevention using non-specific immunomodulators to boost the body’s natural defences against infection and to downregulate
Enhanced digital features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.11671980. R. Marengo ENT and Audiology Department of CEMIC Surgery Department, University Institute CEMIC, Valdenegro, Buenos Aires, Argentina J. A. Ortega Martell (&) Department of Immunology, Universidad Auto´noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico e-mail: [email protected]
J. A. Ortega Martell Colegio Mexicano de Inmunologı´a Clı´nica y Alergia (CMICA), Mexico city, Mexico J. A. Ortega Martell Colegio Mexicano de Pediatras Especialistas en Inmunologı´a Clı´nica y Alergia (COMPEDIA), Colonia Na´poles, Mexico S. Esposito Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
J. A. Ortega Martell Consejo Nacional de Inmunologı´a Clı´nica y Alergia, Mexico city, Mexico
S. Esposito Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
J. A. Ortega Martell Organizacio´n Mundial de Alergia (World Allergy Organization), Milwaukee, WI, USA
S. Esposito World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid), Milan, Italy
Infect Dis Ther
infection- and allergen-induced airway inflammation. The oral immunomodulator, OM-85, a bacterial lysate, acts on the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, conferring protection against viral and bacterial infections, and controls inflammation, thereby reducing tissue damage. OM-85 has demonstrated good tolerability and clinical efficacy in reducing the number and duration of RTIs in children with recurrent airway infections. It has also been reported to reduce the use of concomitant medications, including antibiotics, time to cure and school absenteeism. OM-85 is efficacious and well tolerated when administered concomitantly with inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and has been shown to reduce wheezing attacks induced by RTI in young children.
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