Pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses: the intermediary role of physical he
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Pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses: the intermediary role of physical health and the ability to participate in activities Emre Umucu1 · Antonio Reyes2 · Paul Carrola3 · Thenral Mangadu4 · Beatrice Lee1 · Jessica M. Brooks5 · Karen L. Fortuna6 · Diana Villegas1 · Chung‑Yi Chiu7 · Carolina Valencia1 Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the intermediary role of physical health quality of life and ability to participate social roles and activities in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses. Methods This is a cross-sectional correlational design study. Our participants are 156 veterans with self-reported mental illness (Mage = 37.85; SDage = 10.74). Descriptive, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted for the current study. Results Pain intensity was negatively correlated with physical health QOL, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and mental health QOL. Physical health QOL and ability to participate in social roles and activities were positively associated with mental health QOL, respectively. Physical health QOL was positively correlated with a ability to participate in social roles and activities. Study results indicate that the effect of pain intensity on mental health QOL can be explained by physical health QOL and ability to participate. Conclusions Specific recommendations for practitioners include implementing treatment goals that simultaneously focus on physical health and ability to participate in social roles and activities for clients who present with both physical pain and low mental health QOL. Keywords Quality of life · Veterans · Mental illness · Participation · Pain
* Emre Umucu [email protected] 1
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
2
Division of Special Education and Counseling, CA State University – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
3
Department of Educational Psychology and Special Services, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
4
Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
5
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
6
The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Concord, NH, USA
7
Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
Due to the intense experiences associated with deployment and combat, Veterans are at high risk of developing a mental illness [1]. More than 1.7 million Veterans received treatment in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mental health specialty program in fiscal year 2018 [2], and this number may not fully reflect the problem of mental illness among Veterans given that many do not seek treatment through the VA [1]. Me
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