Paraffin/SiC as a Novel Composite Phase-Change Material for a Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Paraffin/SiC as a Novel Composite Phase‑Change Material for a Lithium‑Ion Battery Thermal Management System Wei Kang1 · Yiqiang Zhao2 · Xueheng Jia2 · Lin Hao1 · Leping Dang1 · Hongyuan Wei1 Received: 12 June 2020 / Revised: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A lithium-ion battery thermal management system has always been a hot spot in the battery industry. In this study, a novel high-thermal-conductivity composite phase-change material (CPCM) made by paraffin wax and silicon was adopted to facilitate heat transfer. Moreover, high resistance or even insulation of CPCM is capable of preventing short circuits between the cells. The heat transfer mechanism of CPCMs was determined under a scanning electron microscope. A thermogravimetric analyzer was employed to determine the thermal stability. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to explore the thermophysical properties of the composite samples. By comparing the results of the experiment, it was reported that under the silicon carbide content of 5%, the parameters were better than others. The phase-change enthalpy of CPCM was 199.4 J/g, the leakage rate of liquid was 4.6%, and the melting point was 53.6 °C. To verify the practicality of CPCM, a three-dimensional layered battery pack model was built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. By simulating the thermal runaway inside the battery packs of various materials, it was reported that the addition of CPCM significantly narrowed the temperature range of the battery pack from 300–370 to 303–304 K. Therefore, CPCM can effectively increase the rate of heat transfer to prevent the chain of thermal runaway reactions. It also enables the battery pack to run at a stable temperature. Keywords Lithium-ion battery · Phase-change material · Paraffin · Silicon carbide · Thermal runaway
Introduction Phase-change energy storage technology is an efficient and optimal energy storage technology. It is characterized by small volume, large energy storage, and constant temperature control range. The study on phase-change energy storage dates back to 1940, initially proposed by Telkes [1, 2], whereas it has not aroused widespread attention from scholars. It was not until the early 1970s, when the world oil crisis burst out that became more popular, and the successful cases of solar energy storage and application were gradually studied [3]. Since the 1980s, the study on the application of this technology has become a research hot spot of scientists worldwide [4]. The fields of application consist of building energy conservation, waste heat exploitation, air * Lin Hao [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300072, China
2
conditioning temperature control, etc. [5–7]. A composite phase-change material (CPCM) refers to a substance that alters the state of a substance and provides latent hea
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