Parental Risk Literacy is Related to Quality of Life in Spanish Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Parental Risk Literacy is Related to Quality of Life in Spanish Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Dunia Garrido1 · Dafina Petrova2,3,4 · Edward Cokely5,6 · Gloria Carballo1 · Rocio Garcia‑Retamero1,6
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience much more negative perceptions of their family quality of life (FQoL). To investigate key factors that may shape these experiences, we conducted a case–control study of sixty-one Spanish families (29 with a child with ASD) using a broad psychosocial assessment (e.g., ASD severity, social support, demographics), including the first direct test of the relationship between FQoL and parental risk literacy (i.e., the ability to evaluate and understand risk, as measured by numeracy). Results revealed that numeracy was associated with differences in perceived FQoL among families of children with ASD ( R2 = .10), a finding that held across several models statistically controlling for the influence of other variables. Findings suggest that parental risk literacy skills may generally be associated with differences in decision making vulnerabilities (e.g., risk evaluation and interpretation) that influence family outcomes including FQoL. Keywords Autism spectrum disorder · Quality of life · Numeracy · Risk literacy · Social support Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is generally classified as a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social-communication challenges and restricted and repetitive behaviors (APA 2013). Among other outcomes, parents of children with this disorder often express higher levels of anxiety and stress compared to parents of children with typical development (TD) (see Vasilopoulou and Nisbet 2016 for a recent systematic review). Families of children with ASD are also at higher risk for experiencing physical and psychological distress, and tend to report significantly lower
* Dunia Garrido [email protected] 1
Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, Spain
2
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
3
Cancer Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
4
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
5
University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
6
Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
levels of family quality of life on standardized psychometric assessments (FQoL) (Allik et al. 2006; Garrido et al. 2015). Most of the relevant research on factors that affect FQoL in children with disabilities such as ASD has focused on negative experiences and perceptions (Hastings and Taunt 2002). However, an emerging and potentially valuable research trend has begun to examine the roles and implications of protective factors (Vasilopoulou and Nisbet 2016). For example, some research suggests that social support may m
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