Parental stress as a predictor of early childhood caries: a systematic review
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Parental stress as a predictor of early childhood caries: a systematic review F. Chouchene1 · F. Masmoudi2 · A. Baaziz2 · F. Maatouk2 · H. Ghedira2 Received: 27 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2020
Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to answer the question: Are parental stress associated with early childhood caries (ECC)? Methods Electronic databases including MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scopus and SciELO were searched. Cross-sectional and case–control studies that investigate the association between parental stress and ECC were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the included articles. Results Out of 498 articles identified in initial research, 7 articles met the inclusion criteria; five were cross-sectional and two were control–case in design. A statistically significant correlation between ECC and total parental stress as well as a higher level of carious activity associated with total parental stress was reported in four studies. In two studies, no significant relationship between stress and ECC was found (P > 0.05) and in one study, parental stress was inversely associated with children’s ECC status with better dental outcomes significantly associated with a higher level of parenting stress. Conclusion Despite the fact that the heterogenicity of the following data precluded conclusions to be drawn, it was obvious that parenting stress or some of its domains may influence the development of carious lesions in young children. Keywords Parenting stress · Dental caries · Child
Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC) defined by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry as “the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (because of caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger”, is considered today as a public health problem (Menon et al. 2013). Because of the interaction of many factors such as biological, genetic and biochemical factors, ECC was described as one of the most prevalent conditions of early childhood, * F. Chouchene [email protected] 1
Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, ABCDF Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento‑Facial Approach, University of Monastir, Rue Hedi Chekir., 5111 Mahdia, Tunisia
Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, ABCDF Laboratory of Biological, Clinical and Dento‑Facial Approach, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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with a prevalence that varies worldwide and which increases constantly. These last few years, ECC have been the subject of several research, and the recent ones have been done to assess the social determinants of oral health and their influence on ECC (Patrick et al. 2006). Many factors have been reported to be some of the risk factors associated with ECC such as oral health knowledge and
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