Prevalence and sociobehavioural determinants of early childhood caries among 5-year-old Portuguese children: a longitudi
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ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
Prevalence and sociobehavioural determinants of early childhood caries among 5‑year‑old Portuguese children: a longitudinal study J. L. Pereira1,2 · F. Caramelo3 · A. D. Soares2 · B. Cunha2 · A. M. Gil1 · A. L. Costa2,4 Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry 2020
Abstract Purpose To assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and associated factors among a 5-year-old cohort. Methods An observational longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 142 preschoolers. A calibrated dentist performed intraoral examinations following International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) criteria at baseline and after 6 months. A questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and oral health-related behaviours was answered by caregivers. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and computation of confidence intervals (95% confidence level). Results Baseline prevalence of ECC and severe ECC (S-ECC) were 40.1% and 11.3%, respectively. After 6 months ECC and S-ECC prevalence rates were 46.5%, and 13.2%, respectively. At both evaluations most caries lesions were untreated. Parental education and occupation were significantly associated with ECC. Behaviour variables found to be significantly associated with the disease comprised: establishing toothbrushing habits before the first year, toothbrushing twice daily and with parental assistance, frequency of dental visits, age at first dental visits, daily ingestion of sweets and number of daily meals. Conclusion The prevalence of ECC was very high, with most of the lesions left untreated. ECC experience was associated with participants’ socioeconomic background and several of the surveyed oral health-related behaviour variables. Keywords Early childhood caries · Dental caries · Child preschool · Community dentistry
Introduction Early childhood caries (ECC), defined as the presence of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing or filled (due to caries) surfaces in any primary tooth of a child under 6 years of age, poses a significant public health burden owing to its prevalence and
* J. L. Pereira [email protected] 1
CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/ UA), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810‑193 Aveiro, Portugal
2
Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry Department, Institute of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Coimbra, 3000‑075 Coimbra, Portugal
3
Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and IBILI, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000‑548 Coimbra, Portugal
4
Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000‑075 Coimbra, Portugal
devastating effects for preschoolers and families (European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2008; Phantumvanit et al. 2018; Meyer and Enax 2018; Pitts et al. 2019). Recognised as a complex multifactorial disease, its aetiolo
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