Partial Recovery of Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Neural Cytotoxicity through the Application of a Static Magnetic Field
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Partial Recovery of Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Neural Cytotoxicity through the Application of a Static Magnetic Field Nicholas J. Braun & Kristen K. Comfort & John J. Schlager & Saber M. Hussain
Published online: 4 October 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Due to their tremendous antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become incorporated into a number of consumer, industrial, and medical applications. However, AgNPs have also been shown to induce a strong cytotoxic response, brought on by an excess of cellular stress, which has severely limited the inclusion of AgNPs in nanobased biological applications, including drug delivery and bioimaging techniques. Previous investigations into magnetic field (MF) exposure have determined the potential of MFs to reduce the stress response in cellular systems; however, the ability of MF to protect cells from AgNPs has never been explored. As such, this study sought to identify if concurrent exposure to AgNPs and a 30-mT static MF could produce a diminishment of the cytotoxic and stress responses in a murine neural stem cell line (NE-4C). We discovered that the presence of MF provided a layer of protection from the negative AgNP effects, with a 15 % increase in viability noted up to a threshold concentration of 10 μg/mL. This partial recovery of AgNP-dependent cytotoxicity was found to correlate with increased ki67 expression and a substantial decrease in the NE-4C stress response including reactive oxygen species generation and NFκB and c-Jun expression. As neurological models are highly susceptible to stress, this study identified MF stimulation as a potential mechanism to counteract detrimental AgNP effects in neural cells, thereby demonstrating N. J. Braun : K. K. Comfort : J. J. Schlager : S. M. Hussain (*) Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA e-mail: [email protected] N. J. Braun Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA K. K. Comfort Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45460, USA
that a joint AgNP and MF system may be advantageous to progress neurological nano-based applications. Keywords Silver nanoparticle . Static magnetic field . Cellular stress . Nanoparticle internalization . Neural cells
1 Introduction Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have been incorporated into a large number of products and applications than span multiple sectors including consumer goods, military, and medicine. However, as the number of NP-based applications and products continue to grow, the potential hazards and effects associated with NP exposure must be thoroughly assessed and monitored. As such, it is crucial to develop a thorough understanding of how physiological systems respond and react to engineered NPs in an effort to maintain safe exposure levels and scenarios. In particular, the inclusion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into commo
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