Application of Static Magnetic Fields on the Mixotrophic Culture of Chlorella minutissima for Carbohydrate Production
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Application of Static Magnetic Fields on the Mixotrophic Culture of Chlorella minutissima for Carbohydrate Production Bruno da Costa Menestrino 1 & Tamyris Helena Chaves Pintos 1 & Luisa Sala 1 Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa 2 & Lucielen Oliveira Santos 1
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Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Magnetic field (MF) can interact with the metabolism of microalgae and has an effect (positive or negative) on the synthesis of molecules. In addition to MF, the use of pentose as a carbon source for cultivating microalgae is an alternative to increase carbohydrate yield. This study aimed at evaluating the MF application on the mixotrophic culture of Chlorella minutissima in order to produce carbohydrates. MF of 30 mT was generated by ferrite magnets and applied diurnally for 12 days. The addition of 5% pentose, MF application of 30 mT, and nitrogen concentration reduced (1.25 mM of KNO3) was the best conditions to obtain higher carbohydrate concentrations. MF application of 30 mT increased biomass and carbohydrate contents in 30% and 163.1%, respectively, when compared with the assay without MF application. The carbohydrate produced can be used for bioethanol production. Keywords Microalgae . Pentose . Magnetic fields . Chlorophyte . Chlorella
Introduction Since energy moves society, environmental concerns and restrictions on the availability of land for energy production have led to the search for clean sources of high-yield biomass [1]. Firstgeneration fuels used biomass. However, the feedstock (corn, sugar cane, and beet) is directly in competition with food production and other growing needs of today’s society. The concept of second-generation (2G) biorefineries has been defined as the use of fermentable sugars
* Lucielen Oliveira Santos [email protected]
1
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chemistry and Food School, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
extracted from the lignocellulosic portion of the sugarcane plant, such as bagasse to produce ethanol [2]. However, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae employed in sugarcane biorefineries cannot ferment an important fraction (25%) of sugars available in the bagasse, i.e., pentose sugars. Although engineered microorganisms may be able to ferment pentoses, none of them have achieved high yield and fermentation productivity achieved by S. cerevisiae [3]. Microalgae biomass is an attractive source due macromolecules production, such as protein, carbohydrate, and lipid [4]. Carbohydrate and lipid need to be extracted from microalgae biomass for biofuels production. Changes in microalgae culture conditions may influence the synthesis or inhibition of these biomolecules. The use of pentose (xylose and/or arabinose) as a carbon source for microalgae cultivation is an alternative t
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