Particulate matter emission by an isolated rotating wheel
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Particulate matter emission by an isolated rotating wheel
1. School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 2. Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, China 3. College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China 4. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
Abstract
Keywords
Particulate matter emission from rotating wheels, which imparts a force to the contact surface and causes strong air currents, is one of the important pollutant sources on the road. This study investigates the particulate matter emission by measuring mass and size distributions of particulate matter near an isolated rotating wheel in a deliberately designed setup. Five rotating speeds from 0.7 m/s to 1.5 m/s are conducted to test its impact on the emission of particulate matter. Mass of particulate matter is measured at twenty-six sampling points around the rotating wheel under different experimental conditions. Experimental results show that the farther away from the wheel, the less of particulate matters deposited on the sampling points in general. Moreover, the emission factor increases from 0.12 g/vkt to 0.24 g/vkt when the rotating speed of the wheel increases from 0.7 m/s to 1.5 m/s. The number and proportion of PM2.5 and PM10 on different sampling points are also measured. The results show that the position of the highest number of PM2.5 and PM10 tends to move to a further and higher sampling point with the increasing of the speed. Moreover, the number proportions of PM2.5 and PM10 on the sampling points range from 19% to 97% and 61% to 100% at different speeds, respectively. This study is believed to be helpful to estimate particulate matter emission and make effective control strategies on targeted pollution.
particulate matter,
1
Introduction
E-mail: [email protected]
emission, rotating wheel, speed
Article History Received: 02 March 2020 Revised: 15 August 2020 Accepted: 03 September 2020 © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
the engine of vehicles, which would increase the maintenance expense and reduce the vehicle lifetime to some extent (Tong et al. 2014). Therefore, it is important to explore the emission of particulate matters induced by the moving vehicles to reduce particulate matter concentrations. Abundant studies investigated the impact of vehicular movements on the particulate matter emission through experiments or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Based on the macroscopic observations of emissions and approximation of factor data, the emission factor data (lb per vehicle mile travel) were estimated and documented in AP-42 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (EPA 2006). Gillies et al. further studied the influence of vehicle weight and speed on particulate matter emission and wake characteristics on an unpaved road, the
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