Evaluation of atmospheric particulate matter from an industrial area in Southeast Brazil
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Evaluation of atmospheric particulate matter from an industrial area in Southeast Brazil Aparecida M. S. Mimura Júlio C. J. Silva
&
Cássia C. M. Ferreira &
Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract A large number of pollutants, such as trace elements, can be found on the surface of atmospheric particulate matter. Since some trace elements can be hazardous to humans, monitoring the atmospheric emissions is relevant to generate comparative data over the years and to predict the health risks of the exposed population. Thus, the aim of this study was to monitor the concentrations of trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter samples from an industrial area in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, in Southeast Brazil. After the sampling campaign, the samples (n = 22) were prepared with microwave-assisted extraction and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, the analyte results were evaluated through statistical A. M. S. Mimura (*) Colegiado de Licenciatura em Química, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus Serra da Capivara, São Raimundo Nonato, PI CEP 64770-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] C. C. M. Ferreira Laboratório de Climatologia e Análise Ambiental, Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil J. C. J. Silva Grupo Baccan de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil J. C. J. Silva Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: INCT– Acqua, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
approaches. The enrichment factor calculation, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify the main source of each analyte. The samples presented high levels of Al and Fe, which were mainly associated with natural sources, such as resuspension of soil dust. Cr and Mn mostly can come from natural origin. The anthropogenic influence showed increasing trends for As and Cu, indicating that these elements can be from sources other than natural ones, such as industrial processes and vehicle emissions. Furthermore, extremely high enrichment was observed for Cd, Pb, and Zn, indicating strong anthropogenic impact, which may be related to industrial activity in this area. Thus, the industrial emissions were probably the main source of these analytes in the investigated samples. Keywords Atmospheric particulate matter . Pollution monitoring . Trace elements . Industrial emission
Introduction In the atmosphere, besides gasses, particles of solid and liquid are found, called particulate matter (EPA 2020). The presence of large amounts of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) alters the air quality and can be related to damages to forests, decreases in agricultural production, and deterioration of works of art and buildings (Queiroz et al. 2007; Moura et al.
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