Pattern Recognition and Image Processing in C++

Parts of this text were used for several years by students in a one~term under­ graduate course in computer science. The students had to prepare projects in small groups (2~4 students).1 This book emphasizes practical experience with image processing. It

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PaHern Recognition and IlIIage Processing in c++

Informatics

Ralf Jungclaus Modeling of Dynamic Object Systems Christoph W. KeBler Automatic Parallelization jUrgen M . Schneider Protocol-Engineering

Dietrich W. R. Paulus/Joachim Hornegger

Pattern Recognition and Image Processing in C++ Dejan S. M liojicic Load Distribution Franz KurfeB Parallelism in Logic

Elmar Eder Relative Complexities of First Order Calculi Reinhard Gotzhein Open Distributed Systems

Vieweg

Dietrich W. R. Paulus Joach i m Hornegger

PaHern Recognition and Image Processing in c++

II Vleweg

Verlag Vieweg, P.O. Box 5829, D-65048 Wiesbaden

All rights reserved © Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 Vieweg is a subsidiary company of the Bertelsmann Professional Information.

No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder.

Printed on acid-free paper

ISBN 978-3-528-05491-5 001 10.1007/978-3-322-87867-0

ISBN 978-3-322-87867-0 {eBook}

Part I 1

Introductions

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Pattern Recognition 1.1 Images and Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Applications of Pattern Recognition . . . . . . 1.3 Environment, Problem Domain, and Patterns 1.4 Characterization of Pattern Recognition 1.5 Recording of Speech Signals . . . . 1.6 Video Cameras and Projections .. 1. 7 From Continuous to Digital Signals 1.8 Sampling Theorem in Practice . . . 1.9 Visualization and Sound Generation.

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2

From C to C++ 2.1 Syntax Notation . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Principle of C++ Compilation . 2.3 Function Calls and Arguments . 2.4 Declaration and Definition of Variables 2.5 Unix-File Access via Standard Functions 2.6 Formatted Input and Output 2.7 Main Program . . . . . . 2.8 Preprocessor Directives. 2.9 Conditional Compilation

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Software Development 3.1 Software for Pattern Recognition 3.2 Principles of Software Development .. 3.3 Modular and Structured Programming 3.4 Comments and Program Layout 3.5 Documentation 3.6 Teamwork............ 3.7 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Tools for Software Development with Unix 3.9 PUMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4 Expressions, Statements, Functions 4.1 Instructions and Expressions .. 4.2 Logical Values and Conditionals 4.3 Function Definition .. . 4.4 Loops . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Declarations and Scope . 4.6 Switches . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Linkage . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Programming with Modules 4.9 Control Structures . . . .

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6

Classification and Pattern Analysis 5.1 Classification . . . 5.2 Preprocessing . . . . 5.3 Feature Extraction 5.4 Analysis . . . . . . . 5.5 Image Segmentation 5.6 Speech Segmentation 5.7 Pattern Understanding 5.8 Active Vision and Real Time Processing 5.9 Top-Level Loop for Speech Analysis.

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Arrays and Pointers 6.1 Vectors and Matrices 6.2 Pointers