PBK as a Potential Biomarker Associated with Prognosis of Glioblastoma
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PBK as a Potential Biomarker Associated with Prognosis of Glioblastoma Chengyuan Dong 1,2 & Wenhua Fan 1 & Sheng Fang 1,2 Received: 1 July 2019 / Accepted: 14 August 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive intracranial tumors. Despite the comprehensive treatments, the median survival of GBM patients is still dismal. Consequently, it is critical to explore potential biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms of GBM. We integrated two datasets (GSE19728 and GSE 4290) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of GBM. Eighty-two GBM samples and 31 brain normal samples were screened by using GEO2R and Draw Venn Diagram. We carried out Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to analyze gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to analyze the DEGs. To further screen hub genes, protein–protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs was visualized by Cytoscape with Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). GEPIA and UALCAN website were utilized to identify the hub genes expression and survival data. In total, 568 common DEGs were determined, including 141 upregulated genes and 427 downregulated genes. Thirty-five hub genes were identified in the highest module consisting of 35 nodes and 535 edges, which are mainly associated with cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway. According to the further analysis results of hub genes, we found that the PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) gene had a high expression and significantly worse survival in GBM contrasted to brain normal samples (P < 0.05). PBK could be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for GBM treatment. In the future, the potential biomarkers for significant prognostic information can be preliminarily assessed using this method, although further experimentations are needed to verify the results. Keywords PBK . Glioblastoma (GBM) . Biomarker . Prognosis
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common lethal tumors in the central nervous system. Despite the combination of maximal safe surgical resection of tumor with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis of GBM patients is still dismal with the median survival of less than 1 year (Roth et al. 2013). Because it is difficult to complete elimination of tumor cells after the standard therapy, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate remains less than 10% due to the recurrence of the tumor (Stupp et al. 2009). Over the past decade, a great deal of research has been
* Sheng Fang [email protected] 1
Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People’s Republic of China
carried out to explore the possible molecular mechanisms, genetics, and developmental pathways of GBM. However, the precise molecular mechanism of GBM has not yet been elucidated
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