Peaceful Islamist Mobilization in the Muslim World What Went Right

In Peaceful Islamist Mobilization in the Muslim World: What Went Right , Julie Chernov Hwang presents a compelling and innovative new theory and framework for examining the variation in Islamist mobilization strategies in Muslim Asia and the Middle East.

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Peaceful Islamist Mobilization in the Muslim World What Went Right

Julie Chernov Hwang

PEACEFUL ISLAMIST MOBILIZATION IN THE MUSLIM WORLD

Copyright © Julie Chernov Hwang, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61767-4 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States - a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-12070-9

ISBN 978-0-230-10011-4 (eBook)

DOI 10.1057/9780230100114 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Chernov Hwang, Julie. Peaceful Islamist mobilization in the Muslim world: what went right / Julie Chernov Hwang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Political participation—Islamic countries. 2. Islam and politics. 3. Political parties—Islamic countries. 4. Islamic countries—Politics and government. I. Title. JQ1852.A91C44 2009 323’.042091767—dc22

2008055873

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Macmillan Publishing Solutions. First edition: October 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For Dae

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Contents

List of Figures

ix

List of Tables

xi

Acknowledgments

xiii

Abbreviations and Acronyms

xvii

1

Introduction

1

2 Islamist Mobilization and Variation in the Turkish State

23

3

Does Participation Matter? Effective Authoritarianism in New Order Indonesia

47

4 The Incredible Indonesian Journey: Aspiring beyond the Ineffective Participatory State

75

5 The Effective Participatory State of Malaysia

111

6 Political Access and Public Goods in the Muslim World

139

7 Conclusion: Patterns of Mobilization

161

Glossary

175

Notes

181

Bibliography

213

Index

229

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List of Figures

Category 1.1 The Effective Participatory State

13

Category 1.2 The Effective Authoritarian State

13

Category 1.3 The Ineffective Participatory State

14

Category 1.4 The Ineffective Authoritarian State

15

Figure 7.1 Variation in Participation

163

Figure 7.2 Variation in Capacity

165

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List of Tables

Table 1.1 State effectiveness versus participation

12

Table 4.1 Islamic and Islamist parties descended from Masyumi and Nahdlatul Ulama

78

Table 4.2 Indonesia’s 1999 election results: People’s representative assembly

79

Table 4.3 Indonesia’s legislative election results compared: 1999 and 2004

80

Table 4.4 Islamist party alliances

81

Table 4.5 Local government regulations on mora