Standards & Regulations in the United States: What Went Wrong?
- PDF / 241,691 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 432 x 648 pts Page_size
- 75 Downloads / 173 Views
Standards & Regulations in the United States: What Went Wrong? Rodney C. Ewing Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1005, U.S.A. ABSTRACT In this paper, I discuss the basis for the following recommendations for the development of standards and regulations for the long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste in a geologic repository: x
The standard and supporting regulations for the licensing of a geologic repository should be generic - applicable to all potential sites. These standards and regulations should be finalized prior to the site-selection process.
x
Site-selection should be based on a set of common-sense criteria [1]. If during site characterization process it is discovered that the site does not meet the technical criteria, the site should be abandoned. These criteria should not only consider the characteristics of the site, but should also include careful consideration of the degree to which a site can be analyzed. Unnecessary complexity may jeopardize the confidence in the analysis of a suitable site.
x
The standard must acknowledge and adapt its structure and standard-of-proof to the fact that there are two time-scales of interest: the human time-scale that extends to some thousands of years and the geologic time-scale that extends to many hundreds of thousands of years. Reasonable and robust containment at both time scales is possible, but the type of analysis and standard-of-proof will be different for each.
x
Because there are two time-scales and because the types of “proof” for each are very different, the total system analysis of performance, reduced to a single numerical estimate of risk at some very distant time, should be abandoned. The standard should not require scientists and engineers to complete an analysis that is at its best opaque and at its worst not believable.
INTRODUCTION The standards and regulations for the management, transportation and disposal of radioactive materials have been key to the development of strategies for the handling and disposing of radioactive materials at the “back-end” of the nuclear fuel cycle. This paper focuses on issues relevant to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste (HLW) from reprocessing and summarizes previous U.S. experience in the attempt to develop a standard and regulations for the geologic disposal of these wastes.
13
As the nation reconsiders its strategies for an expanded role for nuclear power and in light of the failed effort to establish a geologic repository for SNF and HLW, the United States has an opportunity to learn from its experience of the past thirty years. This experience is not only with the development (or failure to develop) standards and regulations, but also there has been a substantial advance in the knowledge and understanding of the science relevant to the geologic processes (e.g., geochemistry and contaminant transport) and specifically of the behavior and fate of radionuclides in the geosphere. We can also bene
Data Loading...
