Peatland Forestry Ecology and Principles
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Edited by O.L. Lange, Würzburg, FRG H. A. Mooney, Stanford, USA H. Remmert t, Marburg, FRG
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1989 are listed at the end ofthis book.
E. Paavilainen
J. Päivänen
Peatland Forestry Ecology and Principles
With 87 Figures and 28 Tables
Springer
Professor Dr. EERO PAAVILAINEN The Finnish Forest Research Institute Department of Forest Ecology Box 18 FIN-01301 Vantaa Finland Professor Dr. JUHANI PÄIVÄNEN University of Helsinki Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Forest Ecology Box 24 FIN-OOOI4 Helsinki Finland
ISBN 978-3-642-08198-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paavilainen, E. Peatland forestry: ecology and principles I E. Paavilainen, J. Päivänen. p. cm. -- (Ecological studies; v. 111) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08198-9 ISBN 978-3-662-03125-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-03125-4 1. Peatland forestry. I. Päivänen, J. (Juhani), 1941-. 11. Title. 111. Series. SD401.7.P33 1995 634.9'5--dc20 952115 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically of translation, reprinting reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relavant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: U. Kunkel, Reichartshausen SPIN 10087965 31/3137-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
Peatlands (or mires) cover at least 550 million ha globally, of which the greater part is situated between 50° and 70° N. Although the majority of peatlands are not used for human needs, there are large areas where agriculture, peat or wood production has been practiced. The suitability of peatlands for forestry differs from country to country depending on climatic conditions, raw wood demand, silvicultural management practice and tradition, as weH as the infrastructure in the remote areas considered. Peatland utilization for forestry may be divided into three efficiency categories: (1) exploitation (harvesting oftrees with inadequate attention to regeneration) leading to reduction in the renewable resouree; (2) silvicultural management (harvesting of trees with natural or artificial regeneration) aimed at maintaining the renewable resource in a sustainable way; and (3) progressive rore
