Pediatric Migraine and Academics
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PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF HEADACHE AND PAIN (D BUSE, SECTION EDITOR)
Pediatric Migraine and Academics Raquel Langdon 1
&
Marc DiSabella & Jeffrey Strelzik & Angela Fletcher
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to examine the multitude of factors which may impact learning and academic performance in patients with pediatric migraine. Recent Findings A range of associations of varying degree were noted between pediatric migraine and conditions such as ADHD, learning disabilities, sleep disorders, and psychiatric comorbidities with regard to headache pain and school functioning. Recent literature highlights the importance of sleep in relation to headache, mood disorders, and learning in youth and the emerging role of perfectionism. Summary Children with migraine remain at risk for school related and learning difficulties which may be primarily due to pain, due to other medical and psychiatric comorbidities commonly found in this population, or a combination. The relationships are complex and further studies are needed to clearly elucidate the shared biological and environmental pathophysiologic mechanisms. Keywords Pediatric migraine . Headache . School . Learning . Sleep . Perfectionism
Introduction Headache is the most common neurologic disorder in the population and affects 9 out of 10 people at some time during their life [1]. Headache affects children in the beginning stages of life, often manifesting as various precursor syndromes including colic, torticollis, vertigo, and vomiting. Common headache disorders in the population include tension-type and migraine, which are differentiated based on their associated clinical symptoms. Despite the relative frequency of headache disorders in pediatric patients, they often go underdiagnosed and mismanaged, resulting in increasingly frequent and disabling headaches [2]. The disability associated with chronic headaches has been demonstrated to be significant, and
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Headache and Pain * Raquel Langdon [email protected] 1
The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
children with migraine experience a reduction in quality of life similar to those with cancer or arthritis [3]. Children with migraine report especially high impairment with emotional and school functioning, and this results in disproportionately low school attendance [4•]. The frequency of severe and frequent headaches has remained relatively unchanged in USA households between 2007 and 2015 based on a survey published in the National Health Inventory Study sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control [4•]. Despite the stable frequency of headache, the proportion of children with severe headaches and behavioral and emotional difficulties was twofold higher than those without headache. Similarly, there was a twofold
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