Pediatric Urology A General Urologist's Guide
A vast number of children in the United States are evaluated and treated for urologic conditions by urologists practicing general urology due to the relatively few fellowship-trained pediatric urologists. Pediatric Urology: A General Urologist’s Guide is
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C URRENT C LINICAL U ROLOGY Eric A. Klein, MD, S ERIES E DITOR
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Pediatric Urology A GENERAL UROLOGIST’S GUIDE Edited by
JEFFREY S. PALMER, MD, FACS, FAAP Pediatric and Adolescent Urology Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Editor Jeffrey S. Palmer, MD, FACS, FAAP Pediatric and Adolescent Urology Institute Cleveland, OH, USA Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-60327-419-7 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-420-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-420-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938733 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibil-ity for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or im-plied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to my parents, whose love, support, dedication, and sacrifices have enabled their children to be the best that they could become. I thank them both from the bottom of my heart.
Preface Pediatric urology covers a wide range of medical conditions from those managed medically (e.g., voiding dysfunction) to those managed surgically (e.g., bladder exstrophy). Although some conditions are similar in both children and adults, such as hematuria and hydroceles, their etiology and management may be different. This has led to the commonly accepted principle that children with urologic conditions should not be treated as small adults. Unlike adults, the ratio of congenital to acquired conditions in children with urologic conditions is much higher. Congenital and acquired conditions in children may require observation (e.g., hydronephrosis and renal trauma, respectively), reconstruction (e.g., urethroplasty for hypospadias and buccal mucosal urethroplasty for failed urethroplasty), or excision (e.g., hemine
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