Human Papillomavirus A Practical Guide for Urologists

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Alberto Rosenblatt Homero Gustavo de Campos Guidi

Human Papillomavirus A Practical Guide for Urologists

Alberto Rosenblatt, MD Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Av. Albert Einstein 627/701 São Paulo-SP Brazil [email protected]

Homero Gustavo de Campos Guidi, MD, PhD Rua Teodoro Sampaio 744 São Paulo-SP 14th Floor Brazil [email protected]

ISBN: 978-3-540-70973-2     e-ISBN: 978-3-540-70974-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70974-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008944023 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is ­concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant ­protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: estudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

This book is dedicated to our beloved parents Agostinha and Mayer Rosenblatt Isaura Guidi and Domingos Guidi and to Sophie and Fernanda for their constant support in every step of our lives.

Foreword

The award of the Nobel Prize in Medicine to Professor Harald zur Hausen in 2008 represented one of the most auspicious recognitions in the field of cancer prevention. Zur Hausen’s pioneer work unleashed an entire domain of research on the molecular biology of human papillomavirus (HPV) and on its interaction with the human host. His work permitted the characterization of HPV infection as the cause of the vast majority of cervical cancers and of a large proportion of anogenital and upper aerodigestive tract malignancies. Understanding the unequivocal role of HPV infection in carcinogenesis led to two new fronts in cervical cancer prevention, namely, (i) the development of diagnostic assays for HPV DNA, which are now being incorporated into cervical cancer screening programs worldwide, and (ii) the regulatory approval of the first prophylactic HPV vaccines to prevent HPV infections with the genotypes of HPV that cause most cases of cervical cancer. The burden of morbidity and mortality from cancers associated with HPV infection is greatest in developing cancers. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common