Performance Analysis of Small Size and Power Efficient UWB Communication Nodes for Indoor Localization
In this paper, the localisation capabilities of ultra-wideband (UWB) communication devices are evaluated. A test platform is designed to perform experiments in indoor environments, to record the data for different node set-ups and to evaluate the results
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Electronics and Circuit Technology Department, South Westphalia University of Applied Science, Soest, Germany {zandian.reza,witkowski.ulf}@fh-swf.de
Abstract. In this paper, the localisation capabilities of ultra-wideband (UWB) communication devices are evaluated. A test platform is designed to perform experiments in indoor environments, to record the data for different node set-ups and to evaluate the results in practice. The platform development comprises hard‐ ware design of the anchor and tag node, development of the PC software for communication to the nodes, collecting the measured distance data and performing localisation algorithms. At the end, some experiments are performed in both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) cases with blocking and non-blocking barriers. The experiment results confirm a distance measurement accuracy of 10 cm in LOS conditions for 85 % of the measured distances in the range of 0.5 m to 30 m. In NLOS cases an additional offset can be observed in the measurement results causing a higher relative error for short distances. Keywords: UWB · ToA · TDoA · Indoor localisation · Ranging · LOS · NLOS
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Introduction
Advancements in the localisation technology that resulted from developing cheaper radio modules and more accurate localisation devices, shifted the applications of local‐ isation techniques from military to civil purposes. Among these applications, tracking, navigation, health care, search and rescue, entertainment, etc. can be mentioned which promise a large market volume and ongoing research activities to improve quality and applicability. Several different technologies have been used so far to localise an object or a person. The GPS system and other similar technologies have shown great potential for localisation when the target is outdoor. However, the efficiencies of these devices drop drastically when the target is located in an indoor area. Problems are blocking of GPS signals in indoor applications and low accuracy of measurements which might be in the range of several meters. Among the applied approaches, radio based solutions proved to be more successful in indoor areas as they can overcome problems such as lack of light, no line of sight to target, barriers or walls around the transmitter, sound interferences, and others. Unlike the development of outdoor localisation solutions based on GPS, GLONAS and other methods, the pace of advancement in indoor local‐ isation techniques is gentle. Several radio based localisation techniques and standards have been proposed and tested by scientists. These include RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 L. Alboul et al. (Eds.): TAROS 2016, LNAI 9716, pp. 371–382, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40379-3_38
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R. Zandian and U. Witkowski
ZigBee, RF radios and also Ultra-Wideband (UWB) as measurement approach. These technologies have been evaluated and compared in [1–3]. In this paper we concentrate on UWB technology to realize an indoor localization system, because it can provide high a
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