Performance of Irrigated Agriculture in the Panam Irrigation Project of Gujarat
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Performance of Irrigated Agriculture in the Panam Irrigation Project of Gujarat Sanjay K. Raul1 • Piyush J. Makwana2 • Hardik M. Dabhi2 • Vivek N. Barot2 Khanjan R. Bamaniya2
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Received: 29 May 2019 / Accepted: 23 December 2019 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2020
Abstract There is large mismatch between the irrigation water supply and demand in the Panam irrigation project in Gujarat, India, arising from high spatiotemporal variation in occurrence and distribution of rainfall. Gross irrigation requirement of crops in the command area was estimated to quantify the gaps. Daily water deliveries during the crop period from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 were analyzed and compared with the crop water demand. Monthly supply–demand ratio was found to be less than one except some peak monsoon months showing deficit water supply than the demand. Soil infiltration capacity, waterfront advance, and recession under furrow irrigation were studied to assess the irrigation system. Empirical infiltration equations were developed and waterfront advance and recession functions were formulated as empirical power equations. Depth of furrow infiltration was found to increase rapidly for a period up to about 10–15 min and then slowed down. Water distribution along the length of furrow run was found to be non-uniform as the advance and recession curves were divergent. Hence, adoption of furrow irrigation with surge flow can be beneficial for better irrigation water management. Keywords Furrow irrigation Recession Supply–demand ratio Soil infiltration Waterfront advance
Introduction Agriculture is the center to all strategies for planned socioeconomic development of the country like India, which has made impressive growth on the agricultural front during the past six decades. Agricultural policy, improved research methodologies, extension services, and public investment have significantly increased the productivity and production of food grains from mere 50.82 million tonne in 1951–1952 to 281.37 million tonne in 2018–2019 by the dedicated effort of the hard-working farmers. Still
& Sanjay K. Raul [email protected] 1
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
2
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Anand Agricultural University, Godhra, Gujarat 389001, India
production of additional food from limited land and water resources to feed the ever-growing population continue to be a major challenge for the nation. In India, almost 83% of the developed water resources are diverted to agriculture for fulfilling nearly 56% food grain requirement of the country [13]. The agricultural sector underperforms due to improper land and water management and adverse climatic conditions. Thus, it is highly essential to improve the water use efficiency of crops through specific management practices for fulfilling crop water demand both in spatial and temporal scale. Panam irrigation project in
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