Performance of piles with different batter angles in laterally spreading soil: a probabilistic investigation
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Performance of piles with different batter angles in laterally spreading soil: a probabilistic investigation J. S. Rajeswari1 · Rajib Sarkar1 Received: 1 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Load imposed by laterally spreading soil increases the vulnerability of pile foundations to seismic damage. A probabilistic investigation has been carried out for evaluation of behavior of single piles, with different batter angles (0°, ± 10°, ± 20°) and slenderness ratios (15, 20, 25), subjected to laterally spreading ground displacements through Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation approach. Effect of shapes of p–y curves of liquefiable soil layer on the response of piles has been evaluated. It is inferred that the conventional concave p–y curves underestimate the pile response compared to the convex p–y curves. Prediction models for maximum bending moment and pile head displacement are proposed for piles with different batter angles. Probability of failure of piles under different performance criteria are then evaluated using Monte–Carlo simulation technique. Finally, probabilistic risk factors are evaluated to assess the risk imposed by various random parameters on the overall response of piles. Keywords Batter pile · Lateral spreading · p–y curve · Probabilistic analysis List of symbols α Batter angle β Slope of ground β0, β1 … βN Regression coefficients 𝛿 Soil–pile interface friction angle δphd Pile head displacement γ Unit weight of soil γto Take-off strain σc Effective confining stress τmax Ultimate shear strength 𝜓 Modification factor θ Inclination angle for batter pile 𝜑 Angle of internal friction of sand * Rajib Sarkar [email protected] J. S. Rajeswari [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
𝜆 Adjustment factor to consider medium-loose to loose sand in coulomb’s theory ε Non-dimensional site parameter εe Errors C Cohesion c, a1–a5, b1–b10 Coefficients for prediction model cσ Correction factor for overburden pressure D Diameter of pile DrNL, DrL Relative density of surface crust and liquefiable layer d Depth along the pile dc Depth factor e, f, g, h Coefficients for calculating reduction factors for ultimate resistance and stiffness Ef Effect of each factor EI Flexural rigidity of pile F+1 Mean response at high level setting of a factor F−1 Mean response at low level setting of a factor G Shear modulus of soil G1, G2 Initial shear modulus and shear modulus at large strain Gmax Tangent shear modulus at small strains HL Thickness of liquefiable layer HNL Thickness of surface crust Ir Rigidity index k0 Earth pressure coefficient at rest kAPI Stiffness values from API (2000) kf Initial tangent kpb , kp Passive earth pressure coefficient for batter pile and vertical pile kT Initial stiffness modulus of vertical pile kTb Initial stiffness modulus of batter pile K0 Earth pressure coefficient at rest Kcd , Kqd Effec
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