Performance of surfactant blend formulations for controlling gas mobility and foam propagation under reservoir condition
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ORIGINAL PAPER-PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Performance of surfactant blend formulations for controlling gas mobility and foam propagation under reservoir conditions Muhammad Khan Memon1 · Khaled Abdalla Elraies1 · Mohammed Idrees Ali Al‑Mossawy1 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The use of surfactant is one of the possible solutions to minimize the mobility of gases and improve the sweep efficiency, but the main problem with this process is its stability in the presence of injection water and crude oil under reservoir conditions. In this study, the three types of surfactant anionic, nonionic and amphoteric are examined in the presence of brine salinity at 96 °C and 1400 psia. To access the potential blended surfactant solutions as gas mobility control, laboratory test including aqueous stability, interfacial tension (IFT) and mobility reduction factor (MRF) were performed. The purpose of MRF is to evaluate the blocking effect of selected optimum surfactant solutions. Based on experimental results, no precipitation was observed by testing the surfactant solutions at reservoir temperature of 96 °C. The tested surfactant solutions reduced the IFT between crude oil and brine. The effectiveness and strength of surfactant solutions without crude oil under reservoir conditions were evaluated. A high value of differential pressure demonstrates that the strong foam was generated inside a core that resulted in delay in breakthrough time and reduction in the gas mobility. High mobility reduction factor result was measured by the solution of blended surfactant 0.6%AOS + 0.6%CA406H. Mobility reduction factor of other tested surfactant solutions was found low due to less generated foam by using CO2 under reservoir conditions. The result of these tested surfactant solutions can provide the better understanding of the mechanisms behind generated foam stability and guideline for their implementation as gas mobility control during the process of surfactant alternating gas injection. Keywords Foam · Foam quality · Gas mobility · Reservoir condition · Surfactant alternating gas
Introduction The foam generated by the surfactants has been used in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as a gas mobility control. Injection of foam with gas overcomes the problems of viscous fingering, gas channeling and reservoir heterogeneity (Farnazeh and Sohrabi 2013; Green 1998). Trapping of large gas fraction in the reservoir and improving the apparent gas viscosity can significantly reduce the gas mobility (Bernard and Jacobs 1965). The generated foam by different types of surfactants was used in the recent years with several field trials including the flooding of steam foam (Patzek 1996), gas injection alternating with water assisted by foam (Blaker et al. 2002), CO 2 foam flood * Muhammad Khan Memon [email protected] 1
Petroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
(Chou et al. 1992), the foam generated by CO 2 solub
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