Investigating the performance of an organically cross-linked grafted copolymer gel under reservoir conditions for profil
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ORIGINAL PAPER: INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SOL-GEL AND HYBRID MATERIALS
Investigating the performance of an organically cross-linked grafted copolymer gel under reservoir conditions for profile modifications in injection wells Charles Boakye1 Vikas Mahto ●
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Received: 24 May 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The injection of cross-linked polymer gels to block high permeability zones and divert subsequent water/surfactant flooding to low permeability streaks to improve hydrocarbon production efficiency is commonly known as profile modification. Moreover, in a reservoir condition with high temperature, pH, and salinity, these cross-linked polymeric gels are unstable, leading to early syneresis. In this research work, poly(Acrylamide)-grafted-xanthan gum copolymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization using potassium persulfate as an initiator. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy characterize the grafted copolymer in this study. This grafted copolymer, which is soluble in water, was cross-linked with a low toxic organic cross-linker. The organic cross-linker is composed of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and hydroquinone (HQ). The rheological examination and gelation conduct of this polymeric gel was analyzed using a bottle test. The experimental design in response surface method generated a secondorder polynomial equation for the gelation time responses to the change in the reservoir parameters (salinity, pH, and temperature) and their interactions. The results exhibited that the response surface model can be applied successfully to analyze gelation time with the various reservoir parameters. Laboratory prepared sand pack flow experiment demonstrated a decent diverting capability of the grafted copolymer gel than commercially used polyacrylamide gels. Subsequently, this grafted copolymer gel can be suitable for profile modification jobs required for improving oil recovery from mature oil fields with high reservoir heterogeneities. Graphical Abstract
* Vikas Mahto [email protected] 1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
Keywords
Central composite design Grafted copolymer Profile modification job Enhance oil recovery Gelation time ●
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Highlights The poly(acrylamide)-grafted-xanthan gum was synthesized in the laboratory. ● The FTIR and FESEM studies proved the synthesis of the grafted copolymer. ● Developed good gel formulation using synthesized grafted copolymer. ● Developed gel exhibited good plugging capability. ●
1 Introduction The major technical, environmental, and economic issues related to oil and gas production in heterogeneous reservoirs are high water cut amid the secondary recovery process. A global evaluation shows that the daily water production from mature oil fields averages roughly 3 barrels of w
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