Peroxymonosulphate-mediated metal-free pesticide photodegradation and bacterial disinfection using well-dispersed graphe
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Peroxymonosulphate‑mediated metal‑free pesticide photodegradation and bacterial disinfection using well‑dispersed graphene oxide supported phosphorus‑doped graphitic carbon nitride Anita Sudhaik1 · Pankaj Raizada1 · Saloni Thakur2 · Adesh K. Saini2 · Pardeep Singh1 · Ahmad Hosseini‑Bandegharaei3,4 · Ji‑Ho Lim5 · Dae Yong Jeong5 · Van‑Huy Nguyen6 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The current work emphasized the facile fabrication of PCN/GO nanocomposites via a straight forward sonochemical method. The thermal polycondensation method was used for the preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and phosphorous doped graphitic carbon nitride (PCN) photocatalysts using melamine and BmimPF6 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) precursors. Phosphorous doped g-C3N4 with different wt % ratio of phosphorous (0.05, 0.1, and 0.3%) was successfully fabricated and coupled with graphitic oxide (GO) for malathion degradation and bacterial disinfection. Phosphorous doping improved the electronic and textual properties of g-C3N4 and augmented solar light-responsive range. On the other hand, simultaneously, the GO support simultaneously facilitated the charge separation and transportation, which was validated by PL and EIS analysis. The extremely organized porous structure of PCN/GO nanosheets expanded active sites, quickened electron transmission rate, and caused strong adsorption of pollutants. Specific surface area (SBET) of 0.1 wt% PCN/GO and PCN photocatalysts was 13.6840 and 2.8401 m2 g−1, respectively. The addition of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in photodegradation processes augmented the photodegradation ability of nanocomposites due to the triggering of sulfate radical (SO4•−) based advanced oxidation process. The influence of different reaction parameters, including a concentration of PMS, catalyst dosage, initial concentration of the pesticide, and pH, was also assessed in the photodegradation process. All the photodegradation processes followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics as the regression coefficient (R2), and values of linear graphs were from 0.95 to 0.98. The nanocomposite 0.1 wt% PCN/GO/PMS displayed the highest photodegradation efficiency, i.e., 98%, followed by 0.1 wt% PCN/GO (95%) and other photocatalysts. Similarly, 98% Escherichia coli (E. Coli) bacterial disinfection was observed for 0.1 wt% PCN/GO nanocomposite. Keywords Metal free-photocatalysis · Peroxymonosulphate activation · g-C3N4 · Sulphate radical formation · Pesticide degradation
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01529-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pankaj Raizada [email protected] * Van‑Huy Nguyen [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Presently, rapid diminution in conformist energy sources and environmental pollution has arisen as a signif
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