Personalising Outcome Measurement in Substance Misuse Treatment: the Feasibility and Psychometrics of Two Individualised
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Personalising Outcome Measurement in Substance Misuse Treatment: the Feasibility and Psychometrics of Two Individualised Outcome Measures Paula Alves 1 & Luís Faísca 2 & Célia M. D. Sales 3 & Mark Ashworth 4 Accepted: 1 September 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract
Individualised information in substance misuse treatment complements standardised outcome measures. However, few studies investigate the use of individualised measures and their robustness in terms of quantifying outcomes. In this study, we analysed the psychometrics and feasibility of two individualised outcome measures (PQ and PSYCHLOPS). We followed a cross-sectional methodology, administering the individualised measures and three additional standardised measures (TOP, a measure of psychological health within addiction services; PHQ-9; CORE-OM) to a sample of 93 patients entering substance misuse treatment in four clinical services. The results showed high levels of patient acceptability of the two individualised measures (response rates > 95%). The internal reliability was good for both PQ and PSYCHLOPS (Cronbach’s alpha, .79 and .72, respectively). Convergent validity of PQ with standardised measures was weak: Pearson’s r values for TOP (psychological health), PHQ-9 and CORE-OM were .21, .22 and .27, respectively. In contrast, convergent validity of PSYCHLOPS was moderate: r = .40, .39 and .50, respectively. Convergence between PQ and PSYCHLOPS was weak (r = .28). Experience of previous treatment episodes was associated with higher PQ and PSYCHLOPS scores; PSYCHLOPS but not PQ scores were higher among those opting to complete the questionnaires in written rather than verbal format. Our findings demonstrated that PQ and PSYCHLOPS are reliable and feasible individualised outcome measures for use in substance misuse treatment units, although the lack of strong convergent validity indicates that they may be measuring different underlying constructs. Optimal outcome measurement may involve combining individualised and standardised measures. Keywords Substance misuse treatment . Individualised outcome measures . Personalised assessment . PQ . PSYCHLOPS
* Mark Ashworth [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
The evaluation of treatment outcomes has, until recently, been dominated by a nomothetic approach. However, a growing body of expert opinion has recommended that idiographic, or individualised, information should also be used for outcome measurement purposes (Ashworth et al. 2019; Alves et al. 2015; Neale and Strang 2015). Combining nomothetic and idiographic approaches has been described as an ‘optimal way of understanding and measuring patient reported outcomes of addiction and its related constructs’ (Neale and Strang 2015, p. 1216). However, little is known about the psychometric properties of individualised outcome measures when tested within the context of substance misuse treatment services and the validity of self-reported outcomes i
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