Persuasive Robots Acceptance Model (PRAM): Roles of Social Responses Within the Acceptance Model of Persuasive Robots
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Persuasive Robots Acceptance Model (PRAM): Roles of Social Responses Within the Acceptance Model of Persuasive Robots Aimi Shazwani Ghazali1,2 · Jaap Ham3 · Emilia Barakova2 · Panos Markopoulos2 Accepted: 14 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In the last years, there have been rapid developments in social robotics, which bring about the prospect of their application as persuasive robots to support behavior change. In order to guide related developments and pave the way for their adoption, it is important to understand the factors that influence the acceptance of social robots as persuasive agents. This study extends the technology acceptance model by including measures of social responses. The social responses include trusting belief, compliance, liking, and psychological reactance. Using the Wizard of Oz method, a laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate user acceptance and social responses towards a social robot called SociBot. This robot was used as a persuasive agent in making decisions in donating to charities. Using partial least squares method, results showed that trusting beliefs and liking towards the robot significantly add the predictive power of the acceptance model of persuasive robots. However, due to the limitations of the study design, psychological reactance and compliance were not found to contribute to the prediction of persuasive robots’ acceptance. Implications for the development of persuasive robots are discussed. Keywords Persuasive robots · Technology acceptance model (TAM) · Social responses · Partial least square (PLS) · Human–robot interaction (HRI)
1 Introduction Social robotics is a domain that focuses on the design of robots for social communications with humans using verbal and non-verbal cues [1, 2]. Nowadays, social robots can be used to assist humans in daily life and might linger * Aimi Shazwani Ghazali [email protected] Jaap Ham [email protected] Emilia Barakova [email protected] Panos Markopoulos [email protected] 1
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jln. Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
3
Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
most of the time in the vicinity of humans, comparable to smartphones [3, 4]. The growing interest in social robotics makes it relevant to examine the potential of robots as persuasive technologies that can support people in changing their attitudes and behaviours, which for brevity we refer to them as persuasive robots. Earlier studies demonstrated that social robots could play an important role in persuading people [5–7]. Persuasive robots have been employed in a broad range of applications for instance as an assistant to the elderly community [6] and providing recommendations in several decision-making tasks like helping people to choose food [5] and movies
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