Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Children

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Clin Pharmacokinet 2005; 44 (9): 935-956 0312-5963/05/0009-0935/$34.95/0 © 2005 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.

Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Children Pieter L.A. Fraaij,1 Jeroen J.A. van Kampen,1 David M. Burger2,3 and Ronald de Groot1 1 2 3

Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Nijmegen University Center for Infectious Diseases (NUCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 1. Paediatric HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936 2. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 2.1 Zidovudine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 2.2 Lamivudine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 2.3 Didanosine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 2.4 Stavudine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 2.5 Abacavir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 2.6 Tenofovir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 3. Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 3.1 Nevirapine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 3.2 Efavirenz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944 4. Protease Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945 4.1 Indinavir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945 4.2 Nelfinavir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947 4.3 Ritonavir . . . . . . . . . . .

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