Phase relationships in the pyrometallurgy of copper
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Phase Relationships in the Pyrometallurgy of Copper
JOHN F. E L L I O T T
T h e r m o d y n a m i c d a t a in t h e l i t e r a t u r e r e l a t i n g to p h a s e r e l a t i o n s h i p s in t h e C u - F e - O - S - S i O 2 s y s t e m h a v e b e e n r e v i e w e d c r i t i c a l l y . T h e s e p h a s e r e l a t i o n s h i p s in t h e r a n g e o f 1100 to 1350~ f o r t h e b i n a r y , t e r n a r y a n d q u a t e r n a r y s y s t e m s t h a t a r e c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e q u i n a r y s y s t e m a r e d e s c r i b e d w i t h t h e u s e of T - X , p o t e n t i a l - c o m p o s i t i o n a n d P - 1 / T phase diagrams a n d s t a b i l i t y d i a g r a m s . C o n d i t i o n s l e a d i n g to t h e i m m i s c i b i l i t y o f t h e l i q u i d o x y s u l f i d e p h a s e w h i c h r e s u l t s in t h e f o r m a t i o n o f t h e s l a g a n d m a t t e p h a s e s a r e p o i n t e d out. I n f o r m a t i o n on the q u i n a r y s y s t e m is v e r y l i m i t e d .
THE quinary system, Cu-Fe-O-S-SiOz, contains the liquid p h a s e s slag, m a t t e and c o p p e r t h a t a r e of p r i n c i p a l i m p o r t a n c e in v i r t u a l l y a l l p y r o m e t a l l u r g i c a l p r o c e s s e s f o r t h e e x t r a c t i o n o f c o p p e r in u s e o r c o n t e m p l a t e d . The c h e m i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s a m o n g t h e s e p h a s e s and b e t w e e n t h e m and o t h e r s s u c h as iron, w~istite, m a g n e t i t e , g a s , a n d s o f o r t h , a r e o f g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e to t h e s u c c e s s f u l o p e r a t i o n o f s m e l t i n g and r e f i n i n g s y s t e m s . A l a r g e a m o u n t of i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e s e r e l a t i o n s h i p s h a s b e e n r e p o r t e d in t h e l i t e r a t u r e 1'2 i n r e c e n t y e a r s . H o w e v e r , t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s f r a g m e n t a r y in m a n y c a s e s a n d w h a t i s a v a i l a b l e h a s
n o t b e e n b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r in a c o h e r e n t f o r m s o t h a t w e do n o t h a v e a w e l l d e v e l o p e d p i c t u r e o f t h e p h a s e r e l a t i o n s h i p s in t h i s q u i n a r y s y s t e m . E x p e r i m e n t a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the i m p o r t a n t p h a s e s in the C u - F e - O - S - S i O 2 s y s t e m is d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e of c o n t a m i n a t i o n of t h e liquid s l a g and m a t t e with c o n t a i n e r m a t e r i a l s , b e c a u s e c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s of t h e s e p h a s e s a r e c o s t l y and t i m e c o n s u m i n g and b e c a u s e of p r o b l e m s s u c h a s s u s p e n s i o n o f c o p p e r a n d m a t t e in t h e s l a g p h a s e , s h i f t i n t h e e q u i l i b r i a of g a s e s a s t h e y c o o l , a n d s o f o r t h . T h u s it i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t t h e i n formation that is available be consolidated and coor-
The Extractive Metallurgy Lecture was authorized in 1959 to provide an outstanding man in the field o f no
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