Phenomenology and Intersubjectivity Contemporary Interpretations of
Dialogue and communication have today become central concepts in con temporary man's effort to analyze and comprehend the major roots of con flict that threaten our twentieth-century world. Underlying all attempts at dialogue, however, is the presupposi
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PHENOMENOLOGY AND
INTERS UBJ ECTIVIT Y CONTEMPORARY INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INTERPERSONAL SITUATION
by
THOMAS J. OWENS Boston College
•
MARTIN US NIJHOFF / THE HAGUE / 1970
© 1970 by Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands
All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form
ISBN-13: 978-90-247-5023-8 001: 10.1007/978-94-010-2982-7
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-010-2982-7
She to whom this book is dedicated will know it when she sees it
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION SECTION ONE
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF LONELINESS CHAPTER I Subjectivity in Sartre The Dialectical Disclosure of Being Being for-itself
17 23
CHAPTER II The Intersubjective Dialectic The Existence of the Other Person 1. Deficiences of Realism and Idealism 2. Deficiences of Hussed, Hegel and Heidegger 3. Conditions for a Solution Sartre's Theory The Relations with Other Persons
33 34 34
28
37 38
39 43
SECTION TWO
MAX SCHELER THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF LIFE CHAPTER III Scheler's Concept of Person The Distinction of Person and Ego
53 62
CHAPTER IV Critique of Previous Theories
70
vm
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Conditions for a Solution Knowledge of the Other in General Two Classical Theories CHAPTER V Scheler's Theory of Intersubjectivity The Original Psychic Field The Area of "Inner Perception" The Role of "Expression" in Perception The Unity-of-Life Metaphysics Critique of Scheler's Theory
71 73 82
87 88
92 96 100
104
SECTION THREE
DIETRICH VON HILDEBRAND THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF LOVE CHAPTER VI Encounter and Union Between Persons The Paradox of Subjectivity Essential Types of Encounter Basic Types of Union
111 117
120 126
CHAPTER VII The Eidos of Love The Eidetic Structure of Love Value as Bonding Medium
130
INDEX
150
132
141
INTRODUCTION
Dialogue and communication have today become central concepts in contemporary man's effort to analyze and comprehend the major roots of conflict that threaten our twentieth-century world. Underlying all attempts at dialogue, however, is the presupposition that it is ontologically possible for men to reach one another and to communicate meaningfully. It is to this most basic question - of the possibility and the limits of interpersonal relationships - that various phenomenologies of intersubjectivity direct themselves. Both the topic (intersubjectivity) and the method (phenomenology) are relative newcomers to philosophy and in a sense they arrived together. Ever since Descartes, philosophers have labored to explain how a subject knows an object. But not until the twentieth century did they begin to ask the much more fundamental and vastly more mysterious question - how does one subject encounter another subject precisely as another subject? The problem of intersubjectivity is thus one that belongs in a quite special way to contemporary philosophy. "Classical philosophy used to leave it strangely alone," says Emmanuel Mounier. "If you ennumerate the major problems dealt with by classical philosophy, you have knowledge, the outside world,
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