Phenotypic characteristics of commonly used inbred mouse strains
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REVIEW
Phenotypic characteristics of commonly used inbred mouse strains Wing Yip Tam 1
&
Kwok-Kuen Cheung 2
Received: 3 January 2020 / Revised: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The laboratory mouse is the most commonly used mammalian model for biomedical research. An enormous number of mouse models, such as gene knockout, knockin, and overexpression transgenic mice, have been created over the years. A common practice to maintain a genetically modified mouse line is backcrossing with standard inbred mice over several generations. However, the choice of inbred mouse for backcrossing is critical to phenotypic characterization because phenotypic variabilities are often observed between mice with different genetic backgrounds. In this review, the major features of commonly used inbred mouse lines are discussed. The aim is to provide information for appropriate selection of inbred mouse lines for genetic and behavioral studies. Keywords Gene targeting . Genetics . Inbred . Mouse . Phenotype . Transgenic
Introduction The laboratory mouse is the most commonly used mammalian animal model for a wide range of biomedical research fields, such as genetics, pharmacology, and learning and behavioral studies. The advantages of using mouse models include welldefined genomic information, well-established protocols for transgenic and genetic manipulation, relatively short life-cycle, relatively large litter size for use in multiple studies, and ease in maintaining a genetically pure line. Over the past century, a vast number of genetically modified mouse models have been generated in laboratories around the world. Genetic modifications can be produced by gene knockout, gene knockin, transgenic manipulation, gene trapping, physical- or chemical-induced mutagenesis, and spontaneous mutation. After obtaining the founder mice with the desired genetic modification, the mouse line must be Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-020-01953-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kwok-Kuen Cheung [email protected] 1
University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
2
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
maintained in a defined genetic background. A common practice is to intercross the mutant mouse with a control inbred mouse for at least ten generations to obtain congenic strains [1]. Traditionally, by definition, an inbred strain is produced by 20 or more consecutive generations of brother-sister mating such that an average of at least 98.6% of the genome is homozygous in every individual mouse [2, 3]. Contemporary approach, namely “speed congenesis,” which involves selection of the best breeder that carries the highest percentage of recipient genome indicated by strain-specific microsatellite DNA markers, is a fa
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