Analysis of the phenotypic adaptability and stability of strains of cowpea through the GGE Biplot approach
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Analysis of the phenotypic adaptability and stability of strains of cowpea through the GGE Biplot approach Derivaldo Pureza da Cruz . Geraldo de Amaral Gravina . Marcelo Vivas . Geovana Cremonini Entringer . Richardson Sales Rocha . Ma´rio Euclides Pechara da Costa Jaeggi Lilia Marque Gravina . Israel Martins Pereira . Antoˆnio Teixeira do Amaral Junior . Ramon de Moraes . Taˆmara Rebecca Albuquerque de Oliveira . Roge´rio Figueiredo Daher
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Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The cowpea is produced in different environmental conditions in several regions of Brazil. It is crucial to select and develop cultivars that attend to the regional requirements with high productivity, adaptability, and stability, due to the interaction between the genotype and the environment. This research aimed to select strains of cowpea for the simultaneous presence of high genotypic productivity, adaptability, and stability in the North-eastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) by the GGEBiplot method. The study assessed 27 genotypes: 23 strains and four cultivars, in six environments of the North-eastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, during the years 2016, 2017, and 2018. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four repetitions. The GGE-Biplpot method assessed the genotypic adaptability and stability, by the use of the statistical software R. The interaction between the environment and the genotypes was complex, and the general average for the productivity of the grains was 1231.98 kg/ha. GGE-Biplot method was efficient in
D. P. da Cruz (&) G. de Amaral Gravina M. Vivas G. C. Entringer R. S. Rocha M. E. P. da Costa Jaeggi L. M. Gravina I. M. Pereira A. T. do Amaral Junior R. de Moraes T. R. A. de Oliveira R. F. Daher Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 2000 Alberto Lamego Ave., Parque California, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
identifying the best strains to be suggested for the use in the North-eastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The strains (9), (3), and (6) were classified as ideotypes due to their superior performance compared to the general average, and their stability. Their performance overcame the control cultivars BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Imponente, BRS-Itaim e CB-27. Keywords Vigna unguiculata Grains productivity Interaction genotype 9 environment GGE-Biplot
Introduction The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], is an African origin plant, with high genetic variability, that fits well in different climatic conditions. Even if this species has been mostly produced in the North, and North-eastern Brazil, due to subsistence agriculture, and its high nutritional value, it has gained prominence in the large-scale production of grains in other regions of Brazil (Freire Filho 2011). According to FAO (2018), the world production of cowpea is a
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