Phosphorus in Action Biological Processes in Soil Phosphorus Cycling
Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource which is essential for life. It is a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems but also a pollutant which can affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and change the ecology of water bodies. This book collects the exist
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Series Editor Ajit Varma, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5138
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Else K. Bu¨nemann Astrid Oberson Emmanuel Frossard l
Editors
Phosphorus in Action Biological Processes in Soil Phosphorus Cycling
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Editors Dr. Else K. Bu¨nemann ETH Zurich Group of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agro-ecosystem Sciences Eschikon 33 8315 Lindau Switzerland [email protected]
Dr. Astrid Oberson ETH Zurich Group of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agro-ecosystem Sciences Eschikon 33 8315 Lindau Switzerland [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Frossard ETH Zurich Group of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agro-ecosystem Sciences Eschikon 33 8315 Lindau Switzerland [email protected]
ISSN 1613-3382 ISBN 978-3-642-15270-2 e-ISBN 978-3-642-15271-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all living organisms. In terrestrial ecosystems, P is often the most limiting nutrient. Due to human alteration of the P cycle, pollution with excess P is prevalent in many aquatic ecosystems and can also affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Because economically mineable P deposits are finite, a better management of the P cycle is mandatory. This requires a good understanding of the processes of soil P dynamics. Soil P occurs in inorganic and organic forms. Forms of P in the mineral phase, the physicochemical processes of sorption and desorption, and their effects on P cycling and availability are well known and predictable. Organic P forms are less well characterized and the biological processes (e.g., mineralization and immobilization) affect P dynamics to varying and often unknown degrees. In addition, the interactions of P dynamics with carbon and nitrogen are not well understood. The chemical characterization of organic P and its dynamics in
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