Biological Processes and Soil Fertility

The success of shifting cultivation systems developed by subsistence farmers testifies to the resilience of the "natural" soil-plant ecosystems to recover from the offtake of nutrients in crops and loss of soil struc­ ture. By contrast, the development of

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Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences Volume 11

Also in this series 1. J. Monteith and C. Webb, eds., Soil Water and Nitrogen in Mediterranean-type Environments. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2406-6 2. J.C. Brogan, ed., Nitrogen Losses and Surface Run-off from Landspreading of Manures. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2471-6 3. J.D. Bewley, ed., Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2472-4 4. R. Brouwer, 1. Gasparikovci, J. Kolek and B.C. Loughman, eds., Structure and Function of Plant Roots. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2510-0 5. Y.R. Dommergues and H.G. Diem, eds., Microbiology of Tropical Soils and Plant Productivity. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2624-7 6. G.P. Robertson, R. Herrera and T. Rosswall, eds., Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean. 1982. ISBN 90-247-2719-7 7. D. Atkinson et aI., eds., Tree Root Systems and their Mycorrhizas. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2821-5 8. M.R. Saric and B.C. Loughman, ~ds., Genetic Aspects of Plant Nutrition. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2822-3 9. J.R. Freney and J.R. Simpson, eds., Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Plant-Soil Systems. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2820-7 10. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Efficient Use of Fertilizers in Agriculture. 1983. ISBN 90-247-2866-5

Biological Processes and Soil Fertility

Edited by J. TINSLEY and J.F. DARBYSHIRE Department oj Soil Science University oj Aberdeen A berdeen, Scotland

First published as Plant and Soil, Volume 76 (1984), except for Preface and Introductory lecture.

1984 MARTINUS NIJHOFF/DR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP

THE HAGUE / BOSTON / LANCASTER

Proceedings of the Meeting of Commissions III and IV of the International Society of Soil Science jointly with the British Society of Soil Science, Reading, July 1983. The Proceedings were edited by J. Tinsley and J.F. Darbyshire on behalf of the British Society of Soil Science.

Distributors

for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Boston, Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA

for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P .O.Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Biological processes and soil fertility. (Developments in plant and soil sciences ; 11)

Includes index. ' 1. Soil biology--Congresses. 2. Soil fertility-Congresses. I. Tinsley, J. II. Darbyshire, J. F. III. International Society of Soil Science. Commission III. IV. International Society of Soil Science. Commission IV. V. British Society of Soil Science. VI. Series.

QH84.8.B55 1984 574.5'26404 83-22002 ISBN-13:978-94-oo9-6103-6 e-ISBN-13:978-94-oo9-6101-2 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-6101-2

ISBN-13:978-94-009-6103-6 Copyright

© 1984 by Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the p